WHEN TRADITION AGAINST MODERNITY: Batak Angkola Men's Resistance towards Gender Equality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2023.16102Keywords:
Patriarchal cultural reason, Batak Angkola men masculinity, gender equalityAbstract
Modernity brings about gender equality, but in Padang Lawas, this gender equality is not universally accepted by Batak Angkola men. Resistance under the guise of masculine identity exists based on cultural reasons. This study aims to explore the reasoning behind Batak Angkola men's defense of their masculine identity in the public and domestic spheres amid the prevailing gender equality of the modern world. This study relies on a socio-anthropological approach. Data were obtained through observation and interviews. This study concludes that Batak Angkola men maintain their self-esteem (ego) and uphold their identity as part of the Batak patriarchy by using preventive cultural masculinity reasoning. This use of reasoning keeps them from being deprived of religious and cultural understanding. In essence, the modernity echoing gender equality auto-encourages Batak men to empower and safeguard their masculinity in their own ways and according to their own standards. This affirms that latently, Batak Angkola men's resistance to modernity is rooted in their traditional paradigm. Consequently, this is by no means enough to alleviate Batak women’s longstanding unfavorable circumstances, a double-burdened trap.
[Modernitas melahirkan kesetaraan gender, namun di Padang Lawas kesetaraan gender ini tidak diterima secara universal oleh laki-laki Batak Angkola. Perlawanan dengan kedok identitas maskulin ada berdasarkan alasan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi alasan di balik pembelaan identitas maskulin laki-laki Batak Angkola di ruang publik dan domestik di tengah kesetaraan gender yang berlaku di dunia modern. Kajian ini bersandar pada pendekatan sosio-antropologis. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa laki-laki Batak Angkola mempertahankan harga diri (ego) dan menjunjung tinggi identitasnya sebagai bagian dari patriarki Batak dengan menggunakan penalaran maskulinitas budaya preventif. Penggunaan penalaran ini membuat mereka tidak kehilangan pemahaman agama dan budaya. Intinya, modernitas yang menggemakan kesetaraan gender secara otomatis mendorong laki-laki Batak untuk memberdayakan dan menjaga kejantanannya dengan cara mereka sendiri dan menurut standar mereka sendiri. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa secara laten, resistensi laki-laki Batak Angkola terhadap modernitas berakar dari paradigma tradisional mereka. Konsekuensinya, ini sama sekali tidak cukup untuk meringankan keadaan tidak menguntungkan perempuan Batak yang sudah berlangsung lama, sebuah perangkap berbeban ganda.]
References
Brahmana, Karina Meriem Beru. “The Influence Of The Socialization Of Gender Roles On Patriarchal Culture and Masculine Ideology On The Emergence Of Gender Role Conflict In Men Of Karo Tribe.” In International Conference on Psychology and Multiculturalism 2017, 94–101. Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, n.d.
Choodorow, Nancy. “The Reproduction of Mothering: Psycoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender.” University of California Press, 1978.
Connell, Robert W. “Change among the Gatekeepers: Men, Masculinities, and Gender Equality in the Global Arena.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 30, no. 3 (2005): 1801–25. https://doi.org/10.1086/427525.
Dalimunthe, Marija. “Nilai-Nilai Islami Dalam Tutur Masyarakat Adat Batak Angkola Tapanuli Bagian Selatan.” Pascasarja IAIN Sumatera Utara, 2010.
Damayanti, Ria. “Fenomena Jumlah Sinamot Dalam Perkawinan Suku Batak (Studi Kasus Di Desa Hajoran Julu, Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara).” UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2019.
Darwin, Muhadjir. “Maskulinitas: Posisi Laki-Laki Dalam Masyarakat Patriarkis.” Center for Population and Policy Studies Gadjah Mada University 4 (1999): 1–10.
Harahap, Desniati. “Implikasi Sistem Kekerabatan Dalihan Na Tolu (Studi Pada Keluarga Urban Muslim Batak Angkola Di Yogyakarta).” Religi: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 12, no. 1 (2016): 121–34. https://doi.org/10.14421/rejusta.2016.1201-07.
Harahap, Nursapia. “Communication Interaction Of Double Burden Batak Women In Patriarkhi Family In Gender Analysis In North Sumatra.” International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) 2, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v2i2.266.
Hearn, Jeff. “Men and Gender Equality: Resistance, Responsibilities and Reaching Out.” In Men and Gender Equality Conference (Swedish EU Presidency Calendar of Meetings), 15–16, 2001.
Irianto, Sulistyowati. Perempuan Di Antara Berbagai Pilihan Hukum: Studi Mengenai Strategi Perempuan Batak Toba Untuk Mendapatkan Akses Kepada Harta Waris Melalui Proses Penyelesaian Sengketa. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2003.
Kurniawan, Puji. “Memahami Pertautan Agama Dan Budaya Studi Terhadap Tradisi Marpege-Pege Di Batak Angkola.” Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi 2, no. 2 (2016): 35–53. https://doi.org/10.24952/yurisprudentia.v2i2.670.
Nadra, Ulfa, Purbayu Budi Santosa, and Hadi Sasana. “Working Time Allocation of Rice Farmer Households Based on Gender Dimensionof Batak Toba Culture at Toba Samosir North Sumatera.” In Proceeding Of The International Seminar and Conference on Global Issues, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.07.095.
Nasoichah, Churmatin. “Makam Kuno Sutan Nasinok Harahap, Pola Penguburan Etnis Batak Angkola-Mandailing Di Padang Lawas Utara.” In Forum Arkeologi, 30:55–64, 2017. https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v30i1.120.
Nasution, Fera Siska, Kamaluddin Kamaluddin, and Wahyu Wiji Utomo. “Konsep Hombar Do Adat Dohot Ibadat Dalam Masyarakat Batak Angkola (Studi Kasus Perkawinan Semarga Di Kecamatan Padang Bolak Julu Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara).” Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 9, no. 8 (2022): 2914–23. https://doi.org/10.31604/jips.v9i8.2022.2914-2923.
Nasution, Hasan Bakti, Sulidar Sulidar, Muhammad Amin, Uqbatul Khair Rambe, and Ismail Fahmi Arrauf Nasution. “Akulturasi Hadis Dengan Tradisi Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Angkola: Studi Di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatera Utara.” AL QUDS: Jurnal Studi Alquran Dan Hadis 6, no. 2 (2022): 511–32. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v6i2.3997.
Pulungan, Abbas. Dalihan Na Tolu: Peran Dalam Proses Interaksi Antara Nilai-Nilai Adat Dengan Islam Pada Masyarakat Mandailing Dan Angkola Tapanuli Selatan. Perdana Publishing, 2018. https://doi.org/10.24832/fa.v30i1.120.
Rambe, Yasir Maulana, and Muhammad Adika Nugraha. “Dinamiika Revolusi Industri 4.0 Dalam Dimensiperempuan Dan Dalihan Na Tolu Masyarakat Batak Angkola.” In Seminar Nasional Multi Disiplin Ilmu Universitas Asahan, 2019.
Rato, Dominikus. Hukum Dalam Perspektif Konstruksi Sosial: Kasus Ngadha, Flores, NTT. Universitas Jember, Fakultas Hukum, 2009.
Ritonga, Sylvia Kurnia. “Islamisasi Tradisi: Studi Anlisis Terhadap Martahi Marpegepege Pada Batak Angkola Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Tazkir: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Dan Keislaman 6, no. 1 (2020): 35–54. https://doi.org/10.24952/tazkir.v6i1.2361.
Samosir, Sri Lestari, and Bakhrul Khair Amal. “‘ Lapo Tuak’ Sebagai Ruang Publik Perspektif Jurgen Habermas.” Yayasan Al-Hayat, 2016.
Sianturi, Judika N Sianturi. “Makna Anak Laki-Laki Di Masyarakat Batak Toba (Studi Kasus Di Kota Sidikalang Kabupaten Dairi Provinsi Sumatera Utara).” Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 4, no. 2 (n.d.): 1–14.
Simanjuntak, Marudut Bernadtua, Ilza Mayuni, Sintowati Rini Utami, and Ninuk Lustyantie. “Batak Women in Globalization and Feminism.” In International Conference on Communication, Policy and Social Science (InCCluSi 2022), 57–63. Atlantis Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-07-7_7.
Siregar, Helmi Suryana. “Perubahan Kedudukan Perempuan Pada Masyarakat Batak Angkola.” Jurnal Ius Constituendum 6, no. 1 (2021): 252–68. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v6i1.3281.
Siregar, Muhammad Habibi. “Angkola Batak Tradition: Islam, Patrilineality, Modernity: Reviving and Challenging.” TAWASUT 3, no. 1 (2015).
———. “Quasi Equality in Angkola-Batak Community: Challenging the Pathriarchal Domination,” 2013.
Situmorang, Bill Tancher. “Gengsi Etnis Batak Toba Dalam Pendidikan (Studi Di Desa Urat Timur Kecamatan Palipi Kabupaten Samosir).” Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2017.
Tambunan, Morinah. “Perubahan Fungsi Dan Makna Anak Laki-Laki Pada Komunitas Batak Toba-Kristen: Suatiu Kajian Antropologis Pada Masyarakat Desa Cinta Damai Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan.” Unimed, 2006.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ulfa Ramadhani Nasution
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. The works are simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
