Nilai Moderasi Beragama Dalam Ajaran Himpunan Penghayat Kepercayaan Masade’ Di Kepulauan Sangihe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/thaq.2022.22101Kata Kunci:
Kepercayaan lokal, Islam Masade, Kepulauan SangiheAbstrak
Abstract: Religious problems in Indonesia are not only limited to major religions but also involve cases at the micro level, such as what happened to the adherents of Masade Islam in the Sangihe Islands. The author focuses on the process of the emergence of Masade Islam in the border area of the Sangihe Islands, the factors that influence its formation, and the application of religious moderation values by Masade Islam adherents. To answer these problems, the author uses a socio-cultural approach as an analytical tool. This research uses the concept of monotheistic religion and the concept of supernatural power understood based on the theory of religious evolution. This research uses historical research methods that include heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The researcher argues that the influence and dominance of religious beliefs in the Masade' Trust developed along with the competition for power and politics in the Sangihe Islands. The dialectic between religion and culture is strong evidence of this influence. The discovery of historical facts that shaped the beliefs of the community known as Masade' reinforces the close relationship between Islam influenced by local culture (local wisdom) as evidenced through the process of rituals and worship performed in the local belief. Although the adherents of masade Islam recognize them as Muslims, the practice of worship is different. This shows that masade Islam is not part of Islam but a religion of belief that has noble local cultural values which also become the axis of their enthusiasm in carrying out a tolerant life in the frame of religious moderation.
Abstrak: Permasalahan keberagamaan di Indonesia tidak hanya terbatas pada agama-agama besar, melainkan juga melibatkan kasus-kasus pada tingkat mikro, seperti yang terjadi pada penganut agama kepercayaan Islam Masade di kepulauan Sangihe. Penulis memfokuskan perhatian pada proses munculnya ajaran Islam Masade di kawasan perbatasan Kepulauan Sangihe, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukannya, serta penerapan nilai-nilai moderasi beragama oleh para penganut Islam Masade. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan pendekatan sosio-budaya sebagai alat analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep agama monoteistik dan konsep kekuasaan supernatural yang dipahami berdasarkan teori evolusi agama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Peneliti berargumen bahwa pengaruh dan dominasi keyakinan agama dalam Kepercayaan Masade’ berkembang seiring dengan persaingan kekuasaan dan politik di Kepuluan Sangihe. Dialektika antara agama dan budaya menjadi bukti yang kuat atas pengaruh tersebut. Penemuan fakta sejarah yang membentuk kepercayaan masyarakat yang dikenal sebagai Masade menguatkan hubungan yang erat antara Islam yang dipengaruhi budaya lokal (lokal wisdom) yang dibuktikan melalui proses ritual dan ibadah yang dilakukan dalam kepercayaan lokal tersebut. Meskipun penganut Islam masade mengakui mereka sebagai pemeluk Islam, tetapi dalam praktik ibadahnya berbeda. Hal ini menunjukkan Islam masade bukan bagian dari Islam tetapi menjadi agama kepercayaan yang mempunyai nilai-nilai budaya lokal yang luhur yang juga menjadi poros semangat mereka dalam menjalankan kehidupan yang toleran dalam bingkai moderasi beragama.
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