ONLINE RELIGION AND RETHINKING THE DA’WAH AUTHORITY TOWARD AN INCLUSIVE DA’WAH: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/JD.2112020.4Keywords:
Online Religion, Da’wah Authority, Inclusive Da’wah, New Media.Abstract
This paper aims to examine the concept of da’wah authority in the context of the relationship between religion and new media. The presence of new media has an impact on the development of Islamic da'wah especially regarding the issue of da'wah authority. By using a qualitative method based on library research, this paper concludes that first, the da’wah authority has shifted from the sender authority to the recipient authority, who is free and active in interpreting da'wah messages. Second, in the realm of new media, there is no clear boundary between the sender and da’wah messages recipient so that someone can be both the sender and the recipient of da'wah at the same time. Third, new media allows the opening of space for dialogue between religions. Fourth, feedback from da'wah recipients requires that the message conveyed must be valid, argumentative, and convincing. Fifth, da'wah in new media can no longer be forced to be accepted by the recipient except based on certain considerations from the recipient.
Makalah ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep otoritas dakwah dalam konteks hubungan antara agama dan media baru (new media). kehadiran media baru berdampak pada perkembangan dakwah Islam khususnya terkait dengan otoritas dakwah. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan studi pustaka (library research), makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertama, otoritas dakwah telah bergeser dari otoritas pengirim menjadi otoritas penerima yang bebas dan aktif dalam menafsirkan pesan dakwah. Kedua, dalam ranah new media tidak ada batasan yang jelas antara pengirim dan penerima pesan dakwah sehingga seseorang dapat menjadi pengirim sekaligus penerima dakwah. Ketiga, media baru memungkinkan terbukanya ruang dialog antar agama. Keempat, umpan balik dari penerima dakwah mengharuskan pesan yang disampaikan harus valid, argumentatif, dan meyakinkan. Kelima, dakwah di media baru tidak bisa lagi dipaksa untuk diterima oleh penerima kecuali berdasarkan pertimbangan tertentu dari penerima.
Abstract viewed: 346 times
|
PDF downloaded = 246 times
References
Antweiler, Kerstin Radde. 2008. “Virtual Religion“ An Approach to A Religious and Ritual Topography of Second Life.” Online-Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet, 3, 1.
‘Abdul Wahid bin Muhammad bin ‘Abdul Wahid al-Aqdami al-Tamimi. 1931. Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim. Mathba’ah al-‘Irfan.
Barthes, Roland. 1977. Image, Music, Text. New York: Hill and Wang.
Baraybar-Fernández, Antonio, Sandro Arrufat-Martín, and Rainer Rubira-García. 2020. “Religion and Social Media: Communication Strategies by the Spanish Episcopal Conference.” Religions, 11(5), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11050239.
Bakti, Andi Faisal. 2005. Islam and Family Planning. Leiden-Jakarta: INIS. 2004.
--------. 2013. “Raising Public Consciousness About The Importance of Freedom of Expression in A Democratic Society and on Enhancing the Quality of Life of the Ordinary Citizen: The Case of Indonesia,” The Journal of Development Communication, vol. 24. No. 1, 1-15.
Berker, Martin dan Kate Brooks. 1998. Knowing Audiences Judge Dredd: Its Friends, Fans, and Foes. Luton: University of Luton Press.
Brasher, Brenda E. 2001. Give Me That Online Religion. San Francisco: Jassey Bass Inc.
Branston, Gill dan Roy Stafford. 2010. The Media Student’s Book. New York: Routledge.
Al-Bayanuni, Muhammad Abu al-Fath. 1995. Al-Madkhal Ila ‘Ilm al-Da’wah. Beirut: Muassasah Risalah.
Castells, Manuel. 2009. Comunicación y Poder. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Cheong, P. and Ess, C., 2012. “Religion 2.0? Relational and Hybridizing Pathways in Religion, Social Media and Culture.” In Cheong, P., Fischer-Nielsen, P., Gelfgren, S. and Ess, C., eds. Digital Religion, Social Media and Culture: Perspectives, Practices, Futures. New York: Peter Lang.
Cheong, Pauline Hope. 2017. “The Vitality of New Media and Religion: Communicative Perspectives, Practices, and Changing Authority in Spiritual Organization.” New Media & Society 19, 25-33.
Campbell, Heidi A. 2010. When Religion Meets New Media. London: Routledge.
----------. 2013. Digital Religion. Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds. London and New York: Routledge.
----------. and Alessandra Vitullo. 2016. “Assessing Changes in the Study of Religious Communities in Digital Religion Studies.” Church, Communication and Culture 1, 73-89.
Dawson, Lorne L. 2001. “Doing Religion in Cyberspace: The Promise and the Perils,” The Council of Societies for the Study of Religion Bulletin 30, no. 1, 3-9
Dawson, Lerne L. and Doglas E. Cowan. 2004. Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Net. New York: Routledge.
Einstein, Mara. 2008. Brands of Faith: Marketing Religion in a Commercial Age. New York: Routledge.
Everett, Anna and John T. Caldwel. 2013. New Media Theories and Pratices of Digitextuality. London: Routletge.
Fatah, “Mecari Tuhan di Google”, http://fatah75.wordpress.com/2008/06/06/mencari-tuhan-di-google/.
Fenton, Natalia. 2010. New Media, Old News Journalism and Democracy in Digital Age. London: Sage.
Green, Nicola and Leslie Haddon. 2009. Mobile Communications: An Introduction to New Media. New York: Berg.
Garin Nugroho & Nurjanah Intan. 2009. Who is God? Mencari Tuhan Lewat Google. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Buku Grhatama.
Gray, Tamara. 2019. “Teaching from the Tent: Muslim Women’s Leadership in Digital Religion.” Ph.D. Thesis, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
Gershon, Richard. 2016. Digital Media and Innovation. Management and Design. Strategies in Communication. London: Sage.
Hopkins, Bruce R. The Nonprofits’ Guide to Internet Communication Law. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Helland, Christopher. 2018. “Virtual Religion: A Case Study of Virtual Tibet.” Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford University Press.
Hoover, Stewart. 2006. Religion in the Media Age. New York: Routledge.
Hills, Matt. 2002. Fan Culture. London: Routledge.
Jenkins, Henry. 2000. “Reception Theory and Audience Research: The Mystery of The Vampire’s Kiss, dalam Christine Gledhill and Linda Williams (eds) Reinventing Films Studies. London: Arnold.
Lewis, Justin. 2001. Constructing Public Opinion: How Political Elits Do What They Like and Why We Seem to Go Along with It. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mowlana, Hamid. 2007. “Theoretical Perspectives on Islam and Communication.” China Media Research. Volume 03 No. 04, 23-33. http://www.chinamediaresearch.net).
Moral, Antonio Manuel, and Ricardo Colmenero. 2015. Iglesia y Primer Franquismo a Través del Cine (1939–1959). Alcalá de Henares: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alcalá.
Parna, K. 2010. Believing in the Net. Leiden University Press.
Pierre, Levy. 1997. Cyberculture. Paris: Editions Odile Jacob.
Poster, Mark. 1995. The Second Media Age. Cambrigde: Polity.
Qaradhawi, Yusuf. 1996. Thaqafah al-Da’iyyah. Qahirah: Maktabah Wahbah.
Quthb, Sayyid. 1973. Da’wah Al-Islâm. Beirut: Dâr Al-Kitab Al-’Arab.
Rahman, Fazlur. 2011. “Matinya Sang Dai: Otonomisasi Pesan-Pesan Keagamaan di_ Dunia@Maya.” Tesis UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/6261
Ravault, R.J. 1980. “Some Possible Economic Dysfunction of the Anglo-American Pratice of International Communication (A Theoretical Approach).”
Rheingold, Howard. 1994. The Virtual Community. London: Secker and Warburg.
Schramm, Wilbur. 1954. The Process and Effects of Mass Communicatin. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Soukup, Charles. 2006. “Computer-Mediated Communication as a Virtual Third Place: Building Oldenburg’s Great Good Places on the World Wide Web.” New Media and Society 8, 421-440.
Steemers, J. 2001. “Broadcasting is Dead. Long Live Digital Choice,” in H. Mackay dan T. O’Sulliban (eds), The Medi Reader: Continuity and Tranformatin. London: Sage.
Thayer, L. 1968. Communication and Communication System, in Organization, Management, and Interpersonal Relations. Homewood, III: Richard Irwing, Inc.
Valentini, Chiara. 2015. “Is Using Social Media Good for The Public Relations Profession? A Critical Reflection.” Public Relations Review 41, 170-77.
Zaedan, Abdul Karim. 2002. Ushul al-Da’wah. Beirut: Muassasah Risalah.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
