FROM RITUAL TO REALITY:
The Application of Religious Values and Da'wah in Tahlilan in the Nahdliyin Community
Downloads
The tahlilan tradition in Sindangjaya Village is a religious practice rich in Islamic values, functioning as a medium for socialization and actualizing religious values. Not only does it function as a religious ritual to pray for people who have died, but also as an effective da'wah medium to spread Islam. This research aims to explore the role of tahlilan in cultivating religious values among the Nahdliyin community. Through interviews with religious leaders and local communities, it was found that tahlilan functions as a ritual to pray for people who have died and as a means to convey religious messages that include aspects of aqidah, worship, and morals. The process of socializing religious values in tahlilan involves two crucial aspects: the application of religious values in spiritual and social aspects. Tahlilan is a forum to strengthen people's relations with Allah (hablum minallah) and with fellow humans (hablum minannas). In addition, this tradition also serves as a tool to strengthen social solidarity and maintain good relations between citizens. The results of the study show that tahlilan has a significant impact on shaping the character and attitude of the community, as well as in internalizing religious values that are inherited from generation to generation. Thus, tahlilan is not only a religious ritual, but also an integral part of the cultural identity of the Nahdliyin people that needs to be preserved and developed.
Afdhal, Afdhal. ‘An Examination of Traditional Customs in Minangkabau Leadership Tradition: Continuity and Changes in the Modern Era’. Publicus 1, no. 2 (2023): 119–34. https://doi.org/10.30598/publicusvol1iss2p119-134.
Ahmad, Abdul K. ‘Islam Kultural Di Sulawesi Selatan: Keselarasan Islam Dan Budaya’. Pusaka 7, no. 2 (2019): 127–40. https://doi.org/10.31969/pusaka.v7i2.258.
Alviyah, Khusniatun, Sigit Pranawa, and Abdul Rahman. ‘Perilaku Konsumsi Budaya Masyarakat Dalam Tradisi Labuhan Ageng Di Pantai Sembukan’. Indonesian Journal of Sociology Education and Development 2, no. 2 (2020): 135–43. https://doi.org/10.52483/ijsed.v2i2.28.
Annisa, Naafi, and Amika Wardana. ‘Tradisi Slametan Pada Masyarakat Jlatren, Jogotirto Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta’. Dimensia Jurnal Kajian Sosiologi 8, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21831/dimensia.v8i1.35564.
Ayu, Santri, Materan Materan, and Muzayyin Ahyar. ‘Selimpat: Antara Tradisi Lokal Dan Normatifitas Islam Dalam Masyarakat Kutai’. Pusaka 10, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.31969/pusaka.v10i1.669.
Bormasa, Monica F. ‘Menggalang Solidaritas Sosial: Pengaruh Kepedulian Sosial Dalam Mengatasi Tantangan Lingkungan Di Daerah Rentan Bencana (Studi Di Kabupaten Cianjur)’. Jurnal Pengabdian West Science 2, no. 6 (2023): 477–89. https://doi.org/10.58812/jpws.v2i6.453.
Candra, Iga A. I. ‘Revitalisasi Kebudayaan Melalui Pertunjukan Sawat Untuk Membangun Moderasi Beragama’. Gondang Jurnal Seni Dan Budaya 6, no. 1 (2022): 222. https://doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v6i1.33322.
Chasanah, Iflahathul. ‘Integrasi Teori Al-Jabiri Dan Sains: Analisis Model Pembelajaran IPA Materi Perkembangbiakan Tumbuhan’. Jurnal Tadris Ipa Indonesia 3, no. 3 (2023): 336–47. https://doi.org/10.21154/jtii.v3i3.2567.
Darmawan, I P. A., Elsi S. B. Simamora, and Yuli Purnamawati. ‘Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Dalam Konteks Kurikulum Merdeka’. Proceeding National Conference of Christian Education and Theology 1, no. 1 (2023): 31. https://doi.org/10.46445/nccet.v1i1.697.
Engel, Jacob D. ‘Pendampingan Pastoral Keindonesiaan’. Kurios 6, no. 1 (2020): 47. https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v6i1.153.
Fahimah, Iim. ‘Kewajiban Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Dalam Perspektif Islam’. Jurnal Hawa Studi Pengarus Utamaan Gender Dan Anak 1, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.29300/hawapsga.v1i1.2228.
Fajariyah, Lukman, and Mohammad Dzulkifli. ‘Actualization of Pancasila Values in the Tahlilan Tradition in Sapen Village Yogyakarta’. Dialog 44, no. 2 (2021): 129–38. https://doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v44i2.485.
Fatmawati, Emyllia. ‘Sistem Penanggalan Candra Sunda Dalam Akulturasi Antara Budaya Sunda Dengan Islam’. Jurnal Adat Dan Budaya Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2022): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.23887/jabi.v4i1.42061.
Ferdiansyah, Daeng S. ‘Akulturasi Nilai-Nilai Islam Dalam Tradisi Merariq Melalui Pola Komunikasi Tokoh Agama Di Lombok Timur’. Kuriositas Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan 12, no. 1 (2019): 17–46. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v12i1.775.
Gulo, Moralman, Puja Maharani Sijabat Puja Maharani Sijabat, Yuniarti Yuniarti, and Talizaro Tafonao. ‘Kontribusi Orangtua Dalam Mengimplementasikan Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Keluarga’. Teleios Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 2, no. 2 (2022): 124–34. https://doi.org/10.53674/teleios.v2i2.51.
Hairul, Moh. A., and Mabrur Mabrur. ‘Cultural-Based Da’wah Education: A Study Toward Totamma’ Tradition in Pambusuang Village Community of Balanipa District of Polewali Mandar Regency’. Farabi 19, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.30603/jf.v19i2.2898.
Hairunnas, Hairunnas, Afrizal Afrizal, and Asrinaldi Asrinaldi. ‘Demokrasi Dan Praktik Konservatisme Ormas Keagamaan Di Sumatra Barat’. Salam Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar I 8, no. 6 (2021): 1825–34. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v8i6.23082.
Hamid, Asep L. ‘Studi Etnografi Tentang Keberagamaan Komunitas At-Tauhid Di Cisarua Bandung Barat’. Jurnal Sosiologi Usk (Media Pemikiran & Aplikasi) 16, no. 2 (2022): 241–56. https://doi.org/10.24815/jsu.v16i2.26956.
Handitya, Binov. ‘Pendidikan Hukum Dalam Aktualisasi Pengembangan Industri Kreatif Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Bagi Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Ngudi Waloyo’. Borobudur Journal on Legal Services 2, no. 1 (2021): 20–26. https://doi.org/10.31603/bjls.v2i1.7412.
Hannan, Abd, and Khairul Umam. ‘Tinjauan Sosiologi Terhadap Relasi Agama Dan Budaya Pada Tradisi Koloman Dalam Memperkuat Religiusitas Masyarakat Madura’. Resiprokal Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual 5, no. 1 (2023): 57–73. https://doi.org/10.29303/resiprokal.v5i1.284.
Hasanah, Uswatun. ‘Kontroversi Orasi Kebangsaan Gus Miftah Di Gereja Gethel Indonesia (GBI) Penjaringan Jakarta Utara (Analisis Dakwah Dan New Media)’. An-Nida Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 13, no. 2 (2021): 123–32. https://doi.org/10.34001/an-nida.v13i2.2092.
Herawati, Fitri. ‘Perancangan Aplikasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Tingkat Sd Berbasis Android’. Jurnal Informatika Dan Rekayasa Elektronik 6, no. 2 (2023): 220–27. https://doi.org/10.36595/jire.v6i2.985.
Herlina, Herlina. ‘Perspektif Al-Qur’an Dan Fikih Dalam Membangun Pendidikan Keluarga Yang Berkualitas’. Instructional Development Journal 6, no. 1 (2023): 27. https://doi.org/10.24014/idj.v6i1.24429.
Husna, Raras R. ‘Analisis Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Film Rentang Kisah Dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pendidikan Agama Islam’. Oetoesan-Hindia Telaah Pemikiran Kebangsaan 5, no. 1 (2023): 8–26. https://doi.org/10.34199/oh.v5i1.164.
Husnudldlon, Auliya I. ‘Tren Dakwah Dan Praktik Komodifikasi Agama Di Mayantara’. Panangkaran Jurnal Penelitian Agama Dan Masyarakat 6, no. 1 (2022): 45–67. https://doi.org/10.14421/panangkaran.v6i1.2808.
Hyangsewu, Pandu. ‘Tantangan Dan Antisipasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Tengah Arus Globalisasi’. Jurnal Kajian Peradaban Islam 2, no. 2 (2019): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.47076/jkpis.v2i2.27.
I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa Jayantini, Sang P. K. Surata, and Anak A. I. Paraniti. ‘Eksplorasi Keanekaragaman Biokultur Masyarakat Adat: Analisis Dokumen Desa Demulih Bangli Di Bali Dengan ATLAS.Ti’. Risenologi 7, no. 2 (2022): 36–46. https://doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2022.72.306.
Isfiyatun. ‘Negosiasi Tradisi Islam Dan Tradisi Lokal Dalam Perayaan Nadran Di Desa Dadap, Kecamatan Juntinyuat, Kabupaten Indramayu’. Jurnal Yaqzhan Analisis Filsafat Agama Dan Kemanusiaan 3, no. 2 (2017): 13. https://doi.org/10.24235/jy.v3i2.5477.
Islami, Nur, and Muhammad Hidayat. ‘Makna Tradisi Mombasuoh Kaki Pada Masyarakat Minangkabau Dalam Upacara Perkawinan’. Culture & Society Journal of Anthropological Research 4, no. 2 (2022): 103–12. https://doi.org/10.24036/csjar.v4i2.114.
Iswanto, Agus. ‘Keraton Yogyakarta Dan Praktik Literasi Budaya Keagamaan Melalui Media Digital’. Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 17, no. 2 (2020): 321–48. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v17i2.598.
Jahidin, Taufik. ‘Praktik Walimatul Ursyi Dan Relevansinya Dengan Perkembangan Hukum Islam’. Jurnal Usm Law Review 6, no. 2 (2023): 741. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v6i2.7255.
Kahar, Abd. ‘Tradisi Membaca Ya>Si>N Dan Tahlil Untuk Orang Meninggal: Studi Analisis Qs. Al-Hasr:10 Dan Qs. Muhammad: 19 Perspektif M. Quraish Shihab Dalam Tafsir Al-Misbah’. El-Furqania Jurnal Ushuluddin Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 6, no. 02 (2020): 186–213. https://doi.org/10.54625/elfurqania.v6i02.4002.
Kuswandi, Dadi. ‘Pengaruh Ramadan Terhadap Perilaku Pengeluaran Keluarga Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Pada Keluarga Muslim’. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ekonomi & Akuntansi (Mea) 7, no. 1 (2023): 613–27. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v7i1.2993.
Legi, Hendrik. ‘Problematika Pendidikan Kristen Di Indonesia Di Tengah Kemerosotan Moral’. Tevunah Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 1, no. 2 (2023): 166–81. https://doi.org/10.59361/tevunah.v1i2.13.
Lia, Yola R. ‘Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam Dalam Syair-Syair Lagu Religi Wali Band’. At-Tarbiyah Al-Mustamirrah Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2, no. 2 (2021): 89. https://doi.org/10.31958/atjpi.v2i2.4612.
Librianti, Eka O. I., and Zaenal Mukarom. ‘Budaya Tahlilan Sebagai Media Dakwah’. Prophetica Scientific and Research Journal of Islamic Communication and Broadcasting 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.15575/prophetica.v5i1.1306.
Madina, Laila. ‘Nilai-Nilai Sosial Pada Tradisi Mawarung Di Kalimantan Selatan’, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/werf6.
Maimun, Maimun, Sanusi Sanusi, Rusli Yusuf, and Hema Muthia. ‘Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter Kebangsaan Melalui Literasi Budaya Dan Kewarganegaraan Di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Kota Banda Aceh’. Civicus Pendidikan-Penelitian-Pengabdian Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan 8, no. 1 (2020): 8. https://doi.org/10.31764/civicus.v8i1.1789.
Makhsun, Slamet. ‘Hegemoni Dan Relasi Kuasa: Studi Kasus Tahlilan Di Dusun Gunung Kekep’. Komunitas 12, no. 2 (2021): 97–119. https://doi.org/10.20414/komunitas.v12i2.4301.
Maudina, Safira. ‘Analisis Semiotik Pesan Dakwah Web Series Ramadhan “Keluarga Hijrah”’. Komunika Journal of Communication Science and Islamic Dakwah 5, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.32832/komunika.v5i2.6101.
Mbo’oh, Ruth. ‘Pengaruh Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Keluarga Terhadap Spiritualitas Anak’. Manthano Jurnal Pendidikan Kristen 1, no. 1 (2022): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.55967/manthano.v1i1.12.
Muis, Sahribulan, Anisa Rusli, Devi E. Susanti, Muh. I. Abadi, M. F. Yulianto, Ruslan Ruslan, and Andi Kaiyum. ‘Tradisi Sayyang Pattu’du Dalam Melestarikan Budaya Leluhur Mandar Di Dusun Kanusuang’. Smart Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2022): 17. https://doi.org/10.35580/smart.v2i1.33128.
Nasir, Mohamad A. ‘Revisiting the Javanese Muslim Slametan: Islam, Local Tradition, Honor and Symbolic Communication’. Al-Jami Ah Journal of Islamic Studies 57, no. 2 (2019): 329–58. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2019.572.329-358.
Ningrum, Retno D. K., Muhammad Hanif, and Parji Parji. ‘Nilai Simbolik Situs Lambang Kuning Desa Nglambangan Kecamatan Wungu Kabupaten Madiun Sebagai Materi Pembelajaran IPS SMP/Mts’. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia 2, no. 7 (2021): 1242–48. https://doi.org/10.36418/japendi.v2i7.229.
Ningsih, Rini L., and Anatri Desstya. ‘Analisis Konsep IPA Pada Tradisi Kehamilan Di Blora Dan Integrasinya Dalam Pembelajaran IPA Sekolah Dasar’. Jurnal Basicedu 6, no. 3 (2022): 3982–90. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i3.2750.
Nur, Fuad. ‘Meningkatkan Pemahaman Nilai-Nilai Islam Melalui Dakwah Di Desa Pinaesaan Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan’. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bangsa 1, no. 9 (2023): 1855–62. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpmba.v1i9.433.
Nurainun, Nurainun, and Wirdanengsih Wirdanengsih. ‘Solidaritas Sosial Masyarakat Pada Tradisi Pajuguk Koum-Koum’. Culture & Society Journal of Anthropological Research 5, no. 1 (2023): 22–32. https://doi.org/10.24036/csjar.v5i1.124.
Nurhayati, Nurhayati, Andi Agusniatih, Amrullah Amrullah, and I P. Suwika. ‘Pengenalan Huruf Hijaiyyah Melalui Media Kartu Gambar Pada Anak’. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 6, no. 3 (2021): 2183–91. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i3.1850.
Nurma, Nurma, and Maemonah Maemonah. As-Sibyan Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 7, no. 1 (2021): 29. https://doi.org/10.32678/as-sibyan.v7i1.4821.
Nurmadiansyah, M. T. ‘Pluralisme Dalam Tantangan Era Distursip: Implementasi Nilai Kepemimpinan Kiai Dalam Membumikan Gagasan Keberagaman Di PP. Al-Qodir, Cangkringan, Sleman’. Aplikasia Jurnal Aplikasi Ilmu-Ilmu Agama 18, no. 1 (2018): 73. https://doi.org/10.14421/aplikasia.v18i1.1577.
Oktaviani, Erlina, and Husin Husin. ‘Implementasi Pembelajaran Tahsin Al-Qur’an Dan Amaliyah Keagamaan Di Sekolah Dasar’. Jurnal Basicedu 6, no. 3 (2022): 5063–75. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i3.3025.
Pribadi, Teguh, Dadang Suganda, and Kurniawan Saefullah. ‘Inkorporasi Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Budaya Di Kampung Sasak Ende, Lombok Tengah’. Khasanah Ilmu - Jurnal Pariwisata Dan Budaya 12, no. 2 (2021): 89–96. https://doi.org/10.31294/khi.v12i2.9817.
Purwaningsih, Sri, and Hazim Ahrori. ‘Yasinan Dan Tahlilan Sebagai Strategi Dakwah Pada Jamaah Yasin Dan Tahlil Masjid Sabilil Mustaqim Desa Jimbe Kecamatan Jenangan Kabupaten Ponorogo’. Journal of Community Development and Disaster Management 1, no. 2 (2019): 91–100. https://doi.org/10.37680/jcd.v1i2.741.
Putra, Renza A., and Dedy Surya. ‘Revitalisasi Nilai-Nilai Islam Pada Anak-Anak Jama’ah Mushala Di Gampong Jawa, Kota Langsa, Aceh Melalui Kegiatan Pesantren Kilat’. To Maega | Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (2021): 160. https://doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v4i2.623.
Rahman, Aulia. ‘Peran Taruna Siaga Bencana Dalam Mitigasi Bencana Di Kabupaten Serang Dan Sukabumi’. Sosio Konsepsia 6, no. 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.33007/ska.v6i1.311.
Rizal, Syariful, and Nardiyanto Nardiyanto. ‘Aktualisasi Pendidikan Life Skill Untuk Meningkatkan Nilai-Nilai Spiritual Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Qodiri Jember’. Al-Riwayah Jurnal Kependidikan 12, no. 2 (2020): 265–86. https://doi.org/10.47945/al-riwayah.v12i2.292.
Romansyah, Ade. ‘Tradisi Lokal Dalam Membangun Rumah Dan Religiositas Masyarakat Perdesaan Di Cirebon’. Jurnal Iman Dan Spiritualitas 2, no. 4 (2022): 619–30. https://doi.org/10.15575/jis.v2i4.20458.
Rondo, Pricylia E., and Valentino R. Mokalu. ‘Implementasi Psikologi Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Pendidikan Karakter’. Didaskalia Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen 3, no. 1 (2022): 26–43. https://doi.org/10.51667/djpk.v3i1.878.
Rubaidi, Rubaidi. ‘Pengarusutamaan Nilai-Nilai Sufisme Dalam Pendidikan Islam Indonesia Kontemporer’. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies) 8, no. 1 (2020): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.15642/jpai.2020.8.1.21-38.
Safitri, Sinta O., Sukamto Sukamto, Siti M. Towaf, and I N. Ruja. ‘Pelestarian Tradisi Distrikan Untuk Menjaga Kearifan Lokal Di Desa Ranuklindungan Kecamatan Grati Kabupaten Pasuruan’. Jurnal Integrasi Dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 4 (2022): 381–89. https://doi.org/10.17977/um063v2i4p381-389.
Salma, Salma. ‘Konstruksi Toleransi Beragama Dalam Wasiat Wajibah Melalui Penerapan Maqasid Al-Syari’ah’. Jurnal Yudisial 15, no. 2 (2023): 167. https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v15i2.480.
Sari, Zeti N. ‘Keseimbangan Budaya Hukum Islam Dan Kearifan Lokal Dalam Menciptakan Harmonisasi Beragama’. Imtiyaz Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman 7, no. 2 (2023): 245–56. https://doi.org/10.46773/imtiyaz.v7i2.937.
Shufya, Fauzi H. ‘Makna Simbolik Dalam Budaya “Megengan” Sebagai Tradisi Penyambutan Bulan Ramadhan (Studi Tentang Desa Kepet, Kecamatan Dagangan)’. Jurnal Ilmiah Dinamika Sosial 6, no. 1 (2022): 94–102. https://doi.org/10.38043/jids.v6i1.3376.
Simamora, Aprianto. ‘Komodifikasi Budaya Tradisi Mangebang Solu Bolon Dalam Meningkatkan Pariwisata Di Kecamatan Baktiraja’. Kompetensi 16, no. 1 (2023): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.36277/kompetensi.v16i1.94.
Tanzil, Jamaluddin Hos, and Muhammad Arsyad. ‘Modal Sosial Dan Mitigasi Bencana Pada Masyarakat Di Pulau Makasar Kota Baubau’. Talenta Conference Series Local Wisdom Social and Arts (Lwsa) 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.638.
Tohani, Entoh, and Sugito Sugito. ‘Penguatan Literasi Budaya Bagi Pelaku Seni Budaya Desa Kalirejo, Kecamatan Kokap, Kabupaten Kulon Progo’. Jiv-Jurnal Ilmiah Visi 14, no. 1 (2019): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.21009/jiv.1401.4.
Waruwu, Dermawan, Made Nyandra, and Ni M. D. Erfiani. ‘Pemberdayaan Modal Sosial Sebagai Model Pencegahan Radikalisme Untuk Menciptakan Harmoni Sosial Di Bali’. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 10, no. 2 (2020): 515. https://doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2020.v10.i02.p08.
Zulfadli, Zulfadli, and Taufani Taufani. ‘Kemunduran Demokrasi Dan Pelarangan Organisasi Islamis Di Era Pemerintahan Jokowi’. Potret Pemikiran 26, no. 2 (2022): 117. https://doi.org/10.30984/pp.v26i2.2033.
Copyright (c) 2023 Idan Ramdani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
