Sintesis Senyawa Koordinasi dan Aplikasinya dalam Fotokatalisis Polutan Organik: Tinjauan Terhadap Limbah Pewarna Sintetik dan Farmasi (Antibiotik)
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Abstract
Pencemaran lingkungan perairan akibat limbah polutan organik, khususnya pewarna sintetis industri tekstil dan residu antibiotik farmasi, telah menjadi permasalahan global mendesak karena sifatnya yang persisten, toksik, serta sulit didegradasi secara alami. Tinjauan ini bertujuan menganalisis secara komprehensif peran senyawa koordinasi, termasuk polimer koordinasi dan metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), sebagai material fotokatalitik generasi baru dalam mengatasi degradasi limbah kompleks tersebut. Melalui metode tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap berbagai basis data ilmiah bereputasi, ditemukan bahwa efisiensi fotokatalitik sangat bergantung pada hubungan antara struktur, logam pusat, dan jenis ligan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan logam transisi dan lantanida seperti Cd, Co, Zn, Cu, Hf, dan Ce, yang dikombinasikan dengan ligan organik terkonjugasi, mampu menyesuaikan celah pita energi untuk mengoptimalkan penyerapan cahaya. Berbagai studi melaporkan mekanisme ini berhasil mendegradasi polutan seperti methylene blue dan siprofloksasin dengan efisiensi mencapai lebih dari 90% melalui pembentukan spesies radikal reaktif. Meskipun menawarkan fleksibilitas desain struktural unggul, tantangan terkait kompleksitas sintesis dan stabilitas material setelah penggunaan berulang masih menjadi celah penelitian utama. Oleh karena itu, arah penelitian masa depan harus difokuskan pada pengembangan strategi modifikasi material pada produksi skala besar dan ketahanan kimia jangka panjang guna memastikan keberlanjutan aplikasi pengolahan air limbah.
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