Review: Sintesis, Karakterisasi, dan Aktivitas Biologis Kompleks Cu(II) Berbasis Ligan Schiff Base
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Abstract
Senyawa Schiff base merupakan hasil reaksi kondensasi antara aldehida atau keton dengan amina primer yang mengandung gugus azomethine (–C=N–) dan diketahui memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis. Aktivitas ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan pembentukan kompleks dengan ion logam transisi, terutama Cu(II), yang dapat meningkatkan lipofilisitas dan interaksi senyawa dengan biomolekul. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara komprehensif perkembangan sintesis, karakterisasi, dan aktivitas biologis kompleks Schiff base–Cu(II) berdasarkan studi literatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur dari sepuluh artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional yang membahas sintesis ligan Schiff base, pembentukan kompleks Cu(II), teknik karakterisasi, dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan antikanker. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ligan Schiff base umumnya berkoordinasi dengan ion Cu²⁺ melalui nitrogen azomethine dan atom donor oksigen atau sulfur, membentuk kompleks dengan geometri planar persegi atau oktahedral yang terdistorsi. Karakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR, UV–Vis, dan difraksi sinar-X secara konsisten mengkonfirmasi keberhasilan kompleksasi. Selain itu, kompleks Schiff base–Cu(II) menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri dan antikanker yang lebih tinggi daripada ligan bebas, yang disebabkan oleh efek kelasi dan peningkatan lipofilisitas kompleks. Dengan demikian, kompleks Schiff base–Cu(II) berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai kandidat agen antibakteri dan antikanker berbasis logam transisi.
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