Toward Green Pesantren and Environmental Philanthropy Based on Maqasid al-Sharia

Muhammad Yafi Sabilul Ahkam(1), Satya Graha Habibilah(2)
(1) Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia,
(2) Georgetown University, United States

Abstract

Abstract: Indonesia’s waste management crisis reflects systemic problems that cannot be adequately addressed through technical solutions alone. Effective responses require governance arrangements that connect public policy, financing, accountability mechanisms, and the sustained cultivation of pro environmental practices at the community level. The growing orientation of Islamic philanthropy toward environmental concerns has created opportunities for philanthropic fund managers to support environmental preservation programs, including the “Green Pesantren” (Pesantren Hijau) initiative led by NU Care LAZISNU within the PBNU network. A qualitative case study design is used to examine program governance in pilot Islamic boarding schools through interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, followed by thematic analysis. The findings indicate that program effectiveness relies on kiai leadership in shaping norms and discipline, santri participation that develops from procedural involvement toward more autonomous management, and LAZISNU’s technical facilitation focused on capacity building and system strengthening. Program impacts are multidimensional, encompassing behavioural change and improved environmental quality through source-based waste separation and water and energy conservation, the creation of micro scale economic value through Waste Banks and circular economy practices, and stronger social capital through collective action and communal accountability. Read through the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah paradigm, these findings constitute a form of if al-bīʾah that can be assessed through governance mechanisms and the sustainability of the Green Pesantren’s impacts. In this framing, if al-bīʾah is not merely an ethical claim, but an evaluative lens that offers a comparative reference for faith based environmental philanthropy initiatives.


Abstrak: Krisis pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia menunjukkan persoalan sistemik yang tidak memadai jika ditangani hanya dengan solusi teknis. Persoalan tersebut menuntut tata kelola yang mampu mempertautkan kebijakan, pembiayaan, mekanisme pertanggungjawaban, serta pembiasaan perilaku pada tingkat komunitas. Pergeseran orientasi filantropi Islam ke isu lingkungan memberi peluang bagi pengelola dana filantropi untuk mendukung program pelestarian lingkungan, termasuk Program Pesantren Hijau yang dipelopori NU-Care LAZISNU bersama jejaring PBNU. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus digunakan untuk menelaah tata kelola program pada pesantren percontohan melalui wawancara, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik. Temuan memperlihatkan bahwa efektivitas program bertumpu pada kepemimpinan kiai dalam membentuk norma dan disiplin, partisipasi santri yang berkembang dari keterlibatan prosedural menuju pengelolaan yang lebih mandiri, serta pendampingan teknis LAZISNU yang berfokus pada pembangunan kapasitas dan penataan sistem kerja. Dampak program bersifat multidimensional, meliputi perubahan perilaku dan kualitas lingkungan melalui pemilahan sejak sumber, konservasi air dan energi, pembentukan nilai ekonomi skala mikro melalui Bank Sampah dan praktik ekonomi sirkular, serta penguatan modal sosial melalui kerja kolektif dan akuntabilitas komunal. Pembacaan melalui paradigma maqāṣid asy-syarīʿah menempatkan temuan tersebut sebagai praktik if al-bīʾah yang dapat dinilai melalui mekanisme pengelolaan dan keberlanjutan dampak Program Pesantren Hijau. if al-bīʾah dalam artikel ini bukan sekadar klaim etik, sehingga dapat menjadi rujukan komparatif bagi inisiatif filantropi lingkungan berbasis institusi keagamaan.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Abdullah, Ahmad Badri, and Shahino Mah Abdullah. “Environmental Fitrah in the Light of a Systematic Approach to Shariah and Science.” ICR Journal 8, no. 3 (2017): 322–41. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v8i3.178.

Abdurrahman, Landy T. “Pendekatan Maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah Kontemporer dalam Perilaku Ekonomi.” An-Nawa : Jurnal Studi Islam 1, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.37758/annawa.v1i2.139.

Abdurrahman, Landy Trisna, Ulinnuha Saifullah, Ishlahu Darussalam, and Sitta A’la Arkham. “SDGs and Islamic Studies: Fiqh Muamalat, Sustainable Development, and Maqashid Asy-Syari’ah.” Az-Zarqa’: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam 14, no. 2 (2022): 175–95. https://doi.org/10.14421/azzarqa.v14i2.2583.

Achmad Bashori, Yudhi, Khairil Umami, and Soleh Hasan Wahid. “MAQASID SHARIAH-BASED DIGITAL ECONOMY MODEL: INTEGRATION, SUSTAINABILITY AND TRANSFORMATION.” Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law 12, no. 2 (2024): 405–25. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no2.647.

Ajzen, Icek. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, no. 2 (1991): 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.

Al Azizah, Ummu Salma, and Razali Haron. “Exploring the Correlation Between ESG Performance and Firm Value in Indonesia Shariah-Compliant Companies.” Journal of Management and Muamalah 14, no. 2 (2024): 142–60. https://doi.org/10.53840/jmm.v14i2.193.

Al Munawar, Faishal Agil. “‘ABD AL-MAJĪD AL-NAJJĀR’S PERSPECTIVE ON MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ’AH.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 20, no. 2 (2021): 209. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i2.4281.

Alnabulsi, K., and A. Jreisat. “Green Finance on Islamic Financial Markets: A Sustainable Approach to Growth.” Paper presented at 2024 International Conference on Sustainable Islamic Business and Finance, SIBF 2024. 2024. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIBF63788.2024.10883851.

Arnstein, Sherry R. “A Ladder Of Citizen Participation.” Journal of the American Institute of Planners 35, no. 4 (1969): 216–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944366908977225.

Auda, Jasser. “A Maqasidi Approach to Contemporary Application of The Shari‘ah.” INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE 19, no. 2 (2011).

Ayub, M., M.K. Hassan, and I. Saba. “Revisiting the Paradigm of Sharīʿah Governance of Islamic Financial Institutions.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 15, no. 8 (2024): 1245–65. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-04-2022-0110.

Baidi, Ribut, Ahmad Ahmad, and Moh. Soheh. “GERAKAN REVOLUSI HIJAU PESANTREN UNTUK MENCEGAH KERUSAKAN EKOLOGI.” AHSANA MEDIA 9, no. 2 (2023): 51–61. https://doi.org/10.31102/ahsanamedia.9.2.2023.51-61.

Branine, Mohamed, and David Pollard. “Human Resource Management with Islamic Management Principles: A Dialectic for a Reverse Diffusion in Management.” Personnel Review 39, no. 6 (2010): 712–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481011075576.

Darsono, W Rahayu, U Barokah, and D H Laia. “Waste Banks in Surakarta: Economic and Social Impacts on Sustainability.” BIO Web of Conferences 69 (2023): 04026. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236904026.

Fauzia, Amelia. Faith and the State: A History of Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia. Brill’s Southeast Asian Library, v. 1. Brill, 2013.

Firmansyah, Yusril, Hari Sukarno, and Nikmatul Masruroh. “The Productive Zakat in Empowering Mustahik Entrepreneurship.” The Es Economics and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 03 (2024): 230–39. https://doi.org/10.58812/esee.v2i03.233.

Güney, Necmeddin. “Maqāsid Al-Sharī‘a in Islamic Finance: A Critical Analysis of Modern Discourses.” Religions 15, no. 1 (2024): 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15010114.

Hardina, Donna. “Strategies for Citizen Participation and Empowerment in Non-Profit, Community-Based Organizations.” Community Development 37, no. 4 (2006): 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330609490192.

Hassan, A. “The Role of Islamic Financial Institutions in Achieving Sustainable Development with Special Reference to Environmental Protection.” Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change 10, no. 2 (2025): 3575–92. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2144.

Hassan, R. “Islamic Sustainable Finance Paradigm.” In Islamic Sustainable Finance: Policy, Risk and Regulation. 2024. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003395447-3.

Hudaefi, F.A., M. Kabir Hassan, A. Laallam, M.S. Apriantoro, and L. Hakim. “Measuring Nonprofit Institution Performances: A Case of Islamic Social Finance.” Journal of Philanthropy and Marketing 30, no. 3 (2025). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.70027.

Humaidi, Humaidi, Umar Umar, Muhammad Ruslan Abdullah, and Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa. “Comparative Study of Zakat Funds Collection Through Manual Fundraising and Digital Fundraising in Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 8, no. 1 (2022): 347. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i1.4601.

Humaidi, M.W., and M. Azizah. “Green Philanthropy: Islamic Activism on Indonesia’s Environmental Democracy.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 24, no. 2 (2024): 167–91. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJTIHAD.V24I2.167-191.

Jaafar, A.Z., and M. Brightman. “From Structure to Purpose: Green and Social Narratives, and the Shifting Morality of Islamic Finance in Kuala Lumpur.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 14, no. 9 (2022). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095433.

Jannah, Rikhul. “NU Care-LAZISNU Ajak Santri Ciptakan Ramah Lingkungan melalui Gerakan Pesantren Hijau.” News. NU Online, February 20, 2025. https://www.nu.or.id/nasional/nu-care-lazisnu-ajak-santri-ciptakan-ramah-lingkungan-melalui-gerakan-pesantren-hijau-UMYhP.

Jannah, Rikhul. “Pesantren Hijau Wujud Penerapan Ekoteologi, Satu Santri Satu Pohon untuk Indonesia yang Lestari.” News. NU Online, October 14, 2025. https://nu.or.id/nasional/pesantren-hijau-wujud-penerapan-ekoteologi-satu-santri-satu-pohon-untuk-indonesia-yang-lestari-4Tr7e.

Jensen, Michael C., and William H. Meckling. “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure.” Journal of Financial Economics 3, no. 4 (1976): 305–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X.

Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. Actualization (Tafʻīl) of The Higher Purposes (Maqāṣid) of Shariah. International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2020.

Khuluq, M. Khusnul, and Asmuni Asmuni. “Hifz Al-Bi’ah as Part of Maqashid Al-Shari’ah and Its Relevance in the Context of Global Climate Change.” Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 7, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.20885/ijiis.vol7.iss2.art3.

Kirchherr, Julian, Denise Reike, and Marko Hekkert. “Conceptualizing the Circular Economy: An Analysis of 114 Definitions.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 127 (December 2017): 221–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005.

Kuhnert, Karl W., and Philip Lewis. “Transactional and Transformational Leadership: A Constructive/Developmental Analysis.” The Academy of Management Review 12, no. 4 (1987): 648. https://doi.org/10.2307/258070.

Ma, Y., and R. Sukmana. “Takeaways from Islamic Social Finance and Sustainable Development Goals Discourse: Review and Bibliometric Analysis on Future Directions for Zakat, Waqf and Islamic Microfinance.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, ahead of print, 2025. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-06-2024-0227.

Majid, A.H.A., S. Maamor, H. Zainal, et al. “The Ummah Economic Development Zone: An Innovative Community Development Initiative by Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah.” Paper Asia 40, no. 6 (2024): 331–39. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v40i6b.293.

Majid, A.H.A., A. Othman, N. Hashim, and A. Aman-Ullah. “Process and Criteria for Participant Selection: A Case of SSBBA Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah, Malaysia.” Multidisciplinary Science Journal 8, no. 2 (2026). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026033.

Mergaliyev, A., M. Asutay, A. Avdukic, and Y. Karbhari. “Higher Ethical Objective (Maqasid al-Shari’ah) Augmented Framework for Islamic Banks: Assessing Ethical Performance and Exploring Its Determinants.” Journal of Business Ethics 170, no. 4 (2021): 797–834. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04331-4.

Muhyidin, Muhyidin, Sinta Bella, Achmad Mahrus Helmi, and Maria Mufidah. “Ecoliterasi Santri: Transformasi Kesadaran Lingkungan Di Pesantren Hijau Indonesia.” INCARE, International Journal of Educational Resources 6, no. 2 (2025): 120–34. https://doi.org/10.59689/incare.v6i2.1224.

Mustofa, Ulul Azmi, and Resilia Novita. “Productive Zakat as Economic Empowerment Mustahiq Amil Zakat Institute Daarut Tauhid Peduli Lampung.” Az-Zarqa’: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam 14, no. 2 (2022): 197–219. https://doi.org/10.14421/azzarqa.v14i2.2411.

Nelles, M., J. Grünes, and G. Morscheck. “Waste Management in Germany – Development to a Sustainable Circular Economy?” Procedia Environmental Sciences 35 (2016): 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.001.

Ono, Sayaka, Harshi Tharangika Sirisena Aluthduwe Hewage, and Chettiyappan Visvanathan. “Towards Plastic Circularity: Current Practices in Plastic Waste Management in Japan and Sri Lanka.” Sustainability 15, no. 9 (2023): 7550. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097550.

Piliyanti, I. “Implementing Maqāṣid Syarīʿah on Social Innovation For Sustainable Zakat Management Organization in Indonesia.” KARSA 31, no. 1 (2023): 109–30. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v31i1.12554.

Prabawati, Anindita, Evi Frimawaty, and Joko T. Haryanto. “Strengthening Stakeholder Partnership in Plastics Waste Management Based on Circular Economy Paradigm.” Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054278.

Purnomo, Joko, Sapja Anantanyu, Haryani Saptaningtyas, and Fachruddin Majeri Mangunjaya. “Prophetic Approach in Environmental Education and Community Empowerment: A Case Study of Sustainable Pesantren Development.” Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 8 (2024): e06259. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-047.

Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. 1. Touchstone ed. A Touchstone Book. Simon & Schuster [u.a.], 2001.

Rafique, M.O., and K.M. Raza. “Islamic Green Finance: A Marriage of Ethics and Environmental Responsibility in Light of Maqasid al-Shari’ah.” In Islamic Green Finance: Towards Ethical and Environmentally Responsible Investing. 2025. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003540403-2.

Rahim, R., H.S. Rathore, M.R. Rabbani, and M.N. Alam. “Maqasid Al-Shariah and Green Finance: A Theoretical Framework on Islamic Finance with Sustainable Development Goals for a Greener Future.” 2024, 255–61. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIBF63788.2024.10883847.

Saputra, S., and Y. Tanjung. “Enhancing Sustainability through Agricultural Zakāt-Based Philanthropy Movement: A Comprehensive Study on Social Welfare Capital.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 14, no. 1 (2024): 231–46. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.141.14.

Smolo, E., and M.O. Rafique. Islamic Green Finance: Towards Ethical and Environmentally Responsible Investing. Islamic Green Finance: Towards Ethical and Environmentally Responsible Investing. 2025. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003540403.

Widiastuti, T., S.A. Al-shami, I. Mawardi, S. Zulaikha, N. Atiya, and E. Rusanti. “Unlocking the Future of Green Finance: A Bibliometric and Systematic Literature Review on Intellectual Capital and Islamic Financial Development.” Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2025, 1–24. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2024-0461.

Wijaya, Eka Setya, Andy Mizwar, Achmad Mujaddid Islami, Yuslena Sari, Erika Maulidiya, and Irham Maulani Abdul Gani. “Garbage Classification Using CNN Architecture ShuffleNet V2.” 2022 Seventh International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), IEEE, December 8, 2022, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIC56845.2022.10006944.

Authors

Muhammad Yafi Sabilul Ahkam
muhammad.yafi24@mhs.uinjkt.ac.id (Primary Contact)
Satya Graha Habibilah
Sabilul Ahkam, M. Y., & Habibilah, S. G. (2025). Toward Green Pesantren and Environmental Philanthropy Based on Maqasid al-Sharia. Az-Zarqa’: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam, 17(2), 169-189. https://doi.org/10.14421/az-zarqa.v17.i2.4644

Article Details

How to Cite

Sabilul Ahkam, M. Y., & Habibilah, S. G. (2025). Toward Green Pesantren and Environmental Philanthropy Based on Maqasid al-Sharia. Az-Zarqa’: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam, 17(2), 169-189. https://doi.org/10.14421/az-zarqa.v17.i2.4644