Articles published in the Indonesian Journal of Action Research may be considered for retraction under the following circumstances:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either due to misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).
• The findings have been previously published elsewhere without appropriate cross‑referencing, permission, or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication).
• The article constitutes plagiarism.
• The research reported is found to be unethical.

The retraction process adheres to the Retraction Guidelines issued by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which can be accessed at:
https://publicationethics.org/files/retraction%20guidelines.pdf