Sintesis dan Karakterisasi ZnO:Zr Melalui Metode Sol-Gel dengan Variasi Pelarut serta Uji Kinerjanya untuk Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

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Published: Jul 20, 2020
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DSSC ZnO Zr nanopartikel doping pelarut berbeda sol-gel

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Afia Ana Fadila
Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Jl. Marsda Adisucipto Yogyakarta 55281 Telp. +62-274-540971
Didik Krisdiyanto

Abstract

Abstrak. Nanopartikel ZnO:Zr untuk semikonduktor DSSC telah disintesis melalui metode sol-gel dengan prekursor berupa Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O dan ZrOCl2.8H2O. Doping Zr pada ZnO adalah sebesar 1%. Sintesis tersebut menggunakan pelarut berbeda, yaitu H2O, metanol, etanol dan isopropanol. Selanjutnya dilakukan studi terhadap struktur kristal berdasarkan karakterisasi menggunakan x-ray diffaction (XRD), energi celah pita (Eg) berdasarkan karakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Visibel dengan metode absorption spektrum fitting (ASF) dan morfologi ZnO:Zr dengan scanning electron microscopy (SEM) serta uji kinerja DSSC yang menggunakan ZnO:Zr hasil sintesis sebagai semikonduktor berdasarkan nilai tegangan yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan analisis dengan XRD, difraktogram yang diperoleh sesuai dengan difraktogam standar ZnO heksagonal dengan pergeseran nilai 2θ menjadi lebih kecil sehingga nilai parameter kisi kristal heksagonal (a, c, dan L) material lebih besar dari parameter kisi kristal standar ZnO. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan terjadinya penyisipan Zr4+ yang jari-jari ioniknya lebih besar dari Zn2+ sehingga jarak antar atom dalam kisi kristal semakin besar tanpa mengubah struktur heksagonal ZnO. Nilai rata-rata parameter kisi kristal ZnO:Zr heksagonal yang berupa a, c dan L berturut-urut adalah 3,30 Å, 5,19 Å dan 10,04 Å. Berdasarkan data dari karakterisasi dengan spektrofotometer UV-Visibel yang diolah dengan metode ASF diketahui Eg ZnO:Zr yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan pelarut H2O, metanol, etanol dan isopropanol berturut-urut adalah 3,267 eV, 3,162 eV, 3,100 eV dan 3,176 eV. Eg tersebut mengkonfirmasi terjadinya penyisipan Zr4+ dalam kisi kristal karena nilainya lebih kecil dari Eg ZnO tanpa doping (3,34 eV). Citra SEM ZnO:Zr hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pelarut yang semakin tidak polar menghasilkan partikel dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil. Adapun urutan kinerja DSSC dari yang terbaik berdasarkan nilai tegangannya adalah DSSC yang menggunakan ZnO:Zr hasil sintesis dengan pelarut etanol (44,96 mV), air (42,41 mV), metanol (42,05 mV) dan isopropanol (35,89 mV).

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Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019)
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Articles

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