WHEN RELIGION AND CULTURE MEET ECONOMY: Socio-legal Factors for the Early Marriages of Muslim Families in Cirebon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2022.15105Keywords:
Early marriage, minimum age of marriage, Muslim CirebonAbstract
Indonesian law has established the minimum age for marriage. However, this requirement is in fact largely disregarded by many Muslims in Cirebon. This is evidenced by the high rate of marriage dispensations recorded in Religious Courts and Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection Office (DPPKBP3A) data. This study seeks to investigate the sociological cause of early marriages which seemingly contradicts legal efficacy. Data were classified and then analyzed through a socio-legal approach, then concluded. The result of this study shows that early marriage in Cirebon is the end of multi-facets of social burdens, including economic motives, cultural pressure, and religious legality. These factors drive Muslim people in Cirebon to ignore the legal provisions regarding the minimum age for marriage. This ineffectiveness of the state law is also inseparable from the religious views of the community, which recognizes that Islam does not impose the same minimum age requirement as the state.
[Hukum Indonesia telah menetapkan usia minimum untuk menikah. Namun, persyaratan ini ternyata banyak diabaikan oleh masyarakat Muslim di Cirebon. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan tingginya angka dispensasi nikah yang tercatat di Pengadilan Agama dan data DPPKBP3A. Penelitian ini memaparkan penyebab sosiologis pernikahan dini yang tampaknya bertentangan dengan efektifitas hukum. Data diklasifikasikan kemudian dianalisis melalui pendekatan sosio-legal, kemudian disimpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan dini merupakan akhir dari berbagai beban sosial, antara lain motif ekonomi, tekanan budaya, hingga legalitas agama. Faktor-faktor inilah yang setidaknya mendorong masyarakat Muslim Cirebon mengabaikan ketentuan hukum negara mengenai usia minimal menikah. Ketidakefektifan hukum negara ini juga tidak terlepas dari pandangan keagamaan masyarakat yang mengakui bahwa Islam tidak menetapkan secara pasti persyaratan usia minimum yang sama dengan negara.]
References
Agege, Emmanuel A., Ezekiel U. Nwose, and Stella Odjimogho. “Parental Perception of Girl-Child Early Marriage Amongst the Urhobos in Nigeria.” International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 2 (2018): 411–15. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183049.
Alfa, Fathur Rahman. “Pernikahan Dini Dan Perceraian Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS) 1, no. 1 (2019): 49–56, https://doi.org/10.33474/jas.v1i2.4994.
Bastomi, Hasan. “Pernikahan Dini Dan Dampaknya (Tinjauan Batas Umur Perkawinanmenurut Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia).” YUDISIA: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 2 (2016): 354–84. https://doi.org/10.21043/yudisia.v7i2.2160.
Bilton, Tony, Kevin Bonnett, Pip Jones, David Skinner, Michelle Stanworth, and Andrew Webster. “Theorising Modern Family Life.” In Introductory Sociology, 479–526. Springer, 1996.
Bunyamin, Mahmudin. “Penerapan Konsep Maslahat Dalam Hukum Perkawinan Di Indonesia Dan Yordania.” UIN Raden Intan Lampung, 2019.
Fathoni, Alvan. “Perkawinan Anak Di Bawah Umur Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Sosiologi Hukum.” AT-TURAS: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 4, no. 1 (2017): 44–57. https://doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v4i1.197.
Gibb, Sheree J, David M Fergusson, L John Horwood, and Joseph M Boden. “Early Motherhood and Long‐term Economic Outcomes: Findings from a 30‐year Longitudinal Study.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 25, no. 1 (2015): 163–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12122.
Hermanto, Agus. “Perkawinan Di Bawah Umur Ditinjau Dari Kacamata Sosiologis.” Jurnal Mahkamah: Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 1, no. 1 (2016): 131–87. https://doi.org/10.25217/jm.v1i1.35.
Julijanto, Muhammad. “Pernikahan Dini Di Lereng Merapi Dan Sumbing.” Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 13, no. 1 (2020): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2020.13101.
Karjoko, Lego, I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, Abdul Kadir Jaelani, and Muhammad Jihadul Hayat. “Indonesia’s Sustainable Development Goals Resolving Waste Problem: Informal to Formal Policy.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 2 (2022): 649–58. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170230.
Maudina, Lina Dina. “Dampak Pernikahan Dini Bagi Perempuan.” Jurnal Harkat: Media Komunikasi Gender 15, no. 2 (2019): 89–95. https://doi.org/10.15408/harkat.v15i2.13465.
Muhith, Abdul, Arief Fardiansyah, M. H. Saputra, and Nurmiyati. “Analysis of Causes and Impacts of Early Marriage on Madurese Sumenep East Java Indonesia.” Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development 9, no. 8 (2018): 1495–99. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00944.0.
Muntamah, Ana Latifatul, Dian Latifiani, and Ridwan Arifin. “Pernikahan Dini Di Indonesia: Faktor Dan Peran Pemerintah (Perspektif Penegakan Dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak).” Widya Yuridika: Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.31328/wy.v2i1.823.
Nengsih, Lia Fitriya. “Dampak Pernikahan Dini Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga (Studi Kasus Di Desa Cisaat Kecamatan Dukupuntang Kabupaten Cirebon).” IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon, 2016.
Nisa, Eva F. “The Bureaucratization Of Muslim Marriage In Indonesia.” Journal of Law and Religion 33, no. 2 (2018): 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2018.28.
Rahiem, Maila D.H. “COVID-19 and the Surge of Child Marriages: A Phenomenon in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.” Child Abuse and Neglect 118, no. 95 (2021): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105168.
Rahim, Rahimin Affandi Abdul, and Rika Dilawati. “Causes and Impacts of Early Marriage: A Phenomenological Study in the Cimarel Hamlet Community, West Bandung Regency.” TEMALI: Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial 5, no. 1 (2022): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.15575/jt.v5i1.16085.
Sakina, Ade Irma. “Menyoroti Budaya Patriarki Di Indonesia.” Share: Social Work Journal 7, no. 1 (2017): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v7i1.13820.
Salmah, Syarifah. “Pernikahan Dini Ditinjau Dari Sudut Pandang Sosial Dan Pendidikan.” Al-Hiwar: Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknik Dakwah 4, no. 6 (2017): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.18592/al-hiwar.v4i6.1215.
Sarwoprasodjo, Sarwititi. “Pengaruh Status Ekonomi Keluarga Terhadap Motif Menikah Dini Di Perdesaan.” Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), 2014.
Shihab, M Quraish. Tafsir Al-Misbah. Jakarta: Lentera Hati. IV. Vol. IX. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2005.
Suadi, H Amran, and M SH. Sosiologi Hukum: Penegakan, Realitas Dan Nilai Moralitas Hukum. 3rd ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.
Sugiarti, Ati. “Analisis Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Pernikahan Dini Pada Kalangan Remaja (Studi Kasus Di Kelurahan Gegunung, Kecamatan Sumber Kabupaten Cirebon).” Empower: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam 2, no. 2 (2017): 67–81. https://doi.org/10.24235/empower.v2i2.4686.
Syatibi, Ibi. “Kelembagaan Terbuka Dan Tersamar: Potret Kawin Anak Di Cirebon.” Bekasi: Yayasan Rumah Kita Bersama, 2016.
Triningtyas, Diana Ariswanti, and Siti Muhayati. “Konseling Pranikah: Sebuah Upaya Meredukasi Budaya Pernikahan Dini Di Kecamatan Pulung Kabupaten Ponorogo.” JKI (Jurnal Konseling Indonesia) 3, no. 1 (2017): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.21067/jki.v3i1.1976.
Wafa, Moh Ali. “Telaah Kritis Terhadap Perkawinan Usia Muda Menurut Hukum Islam.” AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 17, no. 2 (2017): 389–412. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v17i2.6232.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Mohamad Rana, Tajul Arifin, Cecep Soleh Kurniawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. The works are simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
