Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum upholds the integrity of the academic record and follows the standards of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and Elsevier Publishing Ethics Guidelines regarding corrections, retractions, withdrawals, and related editorial actions.
The journal recognizes that maintaining a reliable scholarly record is essential to academic integrity. Therefore, corrections or retractions are handled transparently and in accordance with internationally accepted best practices.
1. Corrections
Corrections are issued when minor errors are identified in a published article that do not affect the overall findings, interpretation, or conclusions of the work.
Corrigendum – issued when the error originates from the authors.
Erratum – issued when the error is introduced by the journal or publisher during the production process.
All authors must approve the correction prior to publication.
Each correction notice will be published as a separate document, linked to the original article, and clearly indicated on both the HTML and PDF versions.
2. Editor’s Notes
An Editor’s Note may be issued when editors wish to alert readers to specific concerns that do not affect the integrity or validity of the research findings. This may include:
Disclosure of minor ethical issues in the review process.
Notification of a resolved concern or complaint.
An unresolved authorship dispute without evidence of misconduct.
3. Expression of Concern
An Expression of Concern may be published when there are serious but inconclusive concerns about the reliability or integrity of an article. This may occur when:
There is insufficient evidence for retraction, but an investigation is ongoing.
The investigation outcome will take considerable time.
The editor believes that readers should be alerted to potential issues pending a final decision.
Once the investigation is complete, the Expression of Concern may be replaced with a Retraction, Correction, or an Editor’s Note, as appropriate.
4. Article Withdrawal
Articles that have been accepted and posted online as Articles in Press but not yet published in final form may be withdrawn under limited circumstances, such as:
The article was published prematurely or in error.
The article duplicates another published version.
In such cases, the article content will be replaced with a withdrawal notice explaining the reason for removal, in accordance with the Elsevier Policy on Article in Press Withdrawal.
5. Article Retraction
A Retraction is issued when a published article is found to contain serious errors or ethical violations that invalidate its findings or breach publication ethics. Grounds for retraction include (but are not limited to):
Evidence of data fabrication, falsification, or image manipulation.
Plagiarism or redundant publication.
Unauthorized publication or copyright infringement.
Unethical research involving human or animal subjects.
Manipulation of peer review or authorship misconduct.
Undisclosed conflicts of interest affecting the work’s integrity.
Retraction Procedure:
A Retraction Notice titled “Retraction: [Article Title]” will be published, signed by the Editor (and authors if applicable).
The original article remains accessible to maintain the scholarly record but is watermarked “Retracted” on each page.
The HTML version is removed, and a link to the Retraction Notice is displayed in its place.
6. Article Removal (Legal Reasons)
In exceptional cases, an article may be removed completely from the online archive when:
It is defamatory or infringes legal rights.
It is the subject of a court order.
It poses a serious public health risk if acted upon.
In these cases, only the article metadata (title and authors) will remain, with a notice stating that the article has been removed for legal reasons.
7. Article Replacement
In rare cases where an article may pose a health or safety risk but can be corrected, the authors may retract the original and publish a corrected version.
A retraction notice will link to the new, corrected article and provide a record of the publication’s history.
8. Notification of Errors
Authors who discover a significant error in their own published work must notify the journal editor immediately. The editor will review the proposed correction and determine whether a Correction, Expression of Concern, or Retraction is necessary.
9. Commitment to Publication Integrity
All actions related to corrections, retractions, or withdrawals are undertaken in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief, Editorial Board, and, if necessary, the Al-Mazaahib Research Center’s Ethics Committee.
These processes strictly follow the COPE Retraction Guidelines (2019) and Elsevier’s Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics policies to ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability.