Halal Certification and Consumer Protection: Legal Review of the Marshmallow Pork-Gelatin Case Sertifikasi Halal dan Upaya Perlindungan Konsumen: Tinjauan Hukum atas Kasus Marshmallow Berbahan Gelatin Babi
Abstract
Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji efektivitas pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (UU JPH) dalam merespons tantangan kehalalan produk impor, khususnya kasus marshmallow yang terindikasi mengandung gelatin babi meski telah bersertifikat halal. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dengan metode studi kasus eksploratif dan analisis naratif-etnografis, serta menggunakan teori moral panic dan Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʿah sebagai landasan analisis. Temuan dalam kajian artikel ini menunjukkan adanya celah dalam sistem pengawasan, inkonsistensi pelabelan halal, dan lemahnya penegakan hukum, yang berkontribusi pada krisis kepercayaan konsumen Muslim. Pelanggaran terhadap prinsip hifz al-din (agama), hifz al-nafs (jiwa), dan hifz al-mal (harta) mengindikasikan bahwa isu kehalalan tidak hanya berdimensi hukum formal, tetapi juga menyentuh aspek moral dan spiritual. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformulasi kebijakan halal yang mencakup harmonisasi regulasi, peningkatan transparansi informasi, penguatan lembaga pengawas, serta edukasi publik secara menyeluruh sebagai bentuk perlindungan menyeluruh terhadap konsumen Muslim di tengah dinamika pasar global.
Abstract: This article examines the effectiveness of the implementation of Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee (UU JPH) in responding to the challenges of imported product halalness, particularly the case of marshmallows that were indicated to contain pork gelatin even though they were certified halal. The research employs a legal-normative approach using exploratory case study and narrative-ethnographic analysis methods, and draws on moral panic theory and Maqāṣid Asy-Syarīʿah as analytical frameworks. The findings reveal gaps in the oversight system, inconsistencies in halal labelling, and weak enforcement of the law, which contribute to a crisis of trust among Muslim consumers. Violations of the principles of hifz al-din (religion), hifz al-nafs (soul), and hifz al-mal (property) indicate that the issue of halal is not only a formal legal matter but also touches on moral and spiritual aspects. Therefore, a reformulation of halal policies is needed, encompassing regulatory harmonization, enhanced information transparency, strengthened oversight institutions, and comprehensive public education as a form of comprehensive protection for Muslim consumers amid the dynamics of the global market.
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