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Mixed-Method Approach for Human Value Education in Inclusive Pre-Schools: Cultivating Peace to Mitigate Child Conflicts
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Introduction
The critical role of peace education in shaping contemporary society, particularly within inclusive preschool settings, is increasingly recognized as essential in an era characterized by global conflicts and societal divisions. Education's role in cultivating a culture of peace and understanding goes beyond traditional academic boundaries, significantly contributing to the holistic development of young minds and addressing broader societal challenges. It equips children with crucial conflict navigation and mitigation tools, fostering a more peaceful and cooperative global community. The significance of this topic encompasses educational disciplines, societal norms, and urgent global needs, calling for a comprehensive and immediate response to this pressing issue.
Peace education empowers students to resolve conflicts creatively and non-violently, aiming to cultivate a harmonious quality of life(Zembylas & Loukaides, 2021). In today's world of violence, educational and religious institutions must address this issue(Aguiar, 2021)(Buchori et al., 2021). This paradigm is acknowledged globally, emphasizing the importance of peace education in shaping a secure and prosperous future by equipping students with knowledge, attitudes, and skills for valuing diversity and human dignity(Isac et al., 2022).
While peace education is practiced within schools, its effectiveness could be enhanced by incorporating elements like humor to stimulate constructive dialogue among diverse groups(Mishra et al., 2020). It is vital to understand multicultural awareness, which involves recognizing and integrating both majority and minority cultural groups, ensuring their unique identities are acknowledged(Corboz et al., 2019). The need for peace education arises from escalating human conflicts, as seen in Indonesia, where conflicts manifest due to varying social dynamics, ideologies, and politics (N. Oueijan, 2018).
The global recognition of peace education is vital for cultivating a secure future, especially in schools. It aims to provide future generations with the knowledge and skills necessary to embrace diversity and uphold human dignity(Zheng et al., 2017). As tensions increase due to differences in perspectives, the significance of peace education becomes even more evident. The community and other institutions must actively address this issue to prevent further escalation of conflicts(Alcalá et al., 2017).
Program development should incorporate conflict sensitivity throughout its lifecycle, from design to implementation and evaluation(Morehouse et al., 2020). In peacebuilding environments, it is crucial to address the root causes of conflict while laying the groundwork for sustainable peace(Blum & Rogger, 2021). Peace education initiatives, such as UNICEF's "Learning for Peace" program, highlight the significance of social services in mitigating conflict factors and promoting social integration(Veerman & Denessen, 2021).
As practiced at Insan Teladan School, human values education focuses on core values like truth, virtue, peace, compassion, and non-violence(Santoso et al., 2020). This approach aims to produce well-rounded students who excel academically and morally. Such values are not just confined to educational settings; they are significant in all life aspects and should be respected accordingly(Anggraeni et al., 2022)(Yigit, 2021). Peace education is a comprehensive global endeavor that emphasizes promoting peace-related knowledge and enhancing students' capacities for fostering positive attitudes and conflict resolution(Anggraeni et al., 2022). Understanding "peace" goes beyond the mere absence of conflict, representing a harmonious approach to conflict resolution(Leib & Ruppel, 2021). Schools are ideal platforms for imparting values that promote peaceful character, tolerance, and unity(Edwards et al., 2020). The United Nations emphasizes the link between child protection, development, and conflict prevention, highlighting the importance of addressing poverty and inequality to ensure children's well-being(Veerman & Denessen, 2021).
The primary objective of this research is to develop and assess the effectiveness of an integrated human values education model grounded in a culture of peace(Ilfiandra et al., 2022). This model aims to enhance children's social-emotional attitudes and behaviors in inclusive preschool education settings(Choles et al., 2022). This research is paramount as it addresses a notable gap in current educational practices. Educators often struggle to integrate human values into their curricula effectively. By emphasizing the intrinsic role of human values in education, the study underscores the importance of character development from an early age, ensuring these values are woven into every learning event (Lazăr et al., 2022). Moreover, the inclusivity of the research, involving a diverse range of stakeholders—from teachers and principals to children with varying developmental needs—provides a comprehensive viewpoint on the value and practicality of the proposed model(Zhang et al., 2022). By embedding ethical values into academic learning, the research aims to cultivate enhanced ethical behavior in children, setting the foundation for more principled future generations.
The research makes significant contributions to the realm of inclusive kindergarten education. Central to this is the development of the PNKT-BD model—a structured and validated guide designed to assist educators in systematically imparting integrated human values education(Magano et al., 2020). This model, grounded in empirical validation, ensures its effectiveness in fostering positive social-emotional attitudes and behaviors among preschool children(Slot et al., 2020). Moreover, the study outcomes serve as a valuable reference point for curriculum developers, facilitating the creation of themes and materials that resonate with a culture of peace. Recognizing the instrumental role of educators, the research equips teachers with the necessary tools and insights, bolstering their capacity to integrate human values into their pedagogical practices seamlessly(Choi & Lee, 2020). Furthermore, by encompassing a broad spectrum of stakeholders, the study empowers educators, parents, and children, fostering
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