Localizing The Qur’an in Javanese Pesantren: A Socio-Cultural Interpretation of Al-Ibrīz and Al-Iklīl

Authors

  • Ahmad Baidowi Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga
  • Yuni Ma’rufah Institut Ilmu Al-Qur’an An Nur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v26i2.5842

Keywords:

Pesantren Tafsir, Socio-Cultural Interpretation, Javanese Tafsir, Localization of Islam, Contextual Hermeneutics

Abstract

The production of Javanese Qur’anic commentaries in Pegon script within the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) tradition reflects the authors varying degrees of engagement with the socio-cultural realities of Javanese society. This paper investigates the influence of socio-cultural factors in Al-Ibrīz li Ma’rifat Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘Azīz by Bisri Mustafa from Pesantren Raudhatut Thalibin (Rembang, Central Java), and Al-Iklīl fī Ma’ānī al-Tanzīl by Misbah Mustafa from Pesantren Al-Balagh (Tuban, East Java). Adopting a descriptive-analytical method, this study explores how both authors responded to socio-cultural phenomena or offered culturally grounded interpretations in their tafsir works. Their use of local knowledge and their responses to cultural practices are analyzed through content analysis to determine their interpretive orientations—whether leaning toward Arabization, Islamization, or localization. The findings reveal that both authors utilize local knowledge to explicate Qur’anic meanings. In responding to social phenomena, they adopt two main approaches: critical evaluation and selective accommodation of cultural practices. This study affirms the dynamic intellectual engagement of pesantren kiais in contextual Qur’anic interpretation.

Abstract viewed: 2039 times | PDF downloaded = 972 times

References

Asif, Muhammad. “Tafsir dan Tradisi Pesantren: Karakteristik Tafsir al-Ibrīz Karya Bisri Mustofa.” Jurnal Suhuf 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2016), 241-64. https://doi.org/10.22548/shf.v9i2.

Azra, Azyumardi. Jaringan Ulama, Bandung: Mizan, 2002.

Baidowi, Ahmad. “Dinamika Karya Tafsir Al-Qur’an Pesantren Jawa” in Al-Itqan: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an 8, no. 2 (2022), 251-74. Doi: doi.org/10.47454/itqan.v8i2.814.

Baidowi, Ahmad. “Pegon Script Phenomena In The Tradition Of Pesantren's Qur’anic Commentaries Writing”, in Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an dan Hadis 20, No. 2 (2020), 469-490. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/qh.2020.2102-12.

Cholily, Naufal, Mahbub Ghozali, Abd Kholid, Wan Khairul Aiman Wan Mokhtar, and Rami İbrahim Mahmut. “Bridging Fiqh and Religious Practice: Actualizing the Function of Ḥāshiyah as a Form of Worship in the Scribal Traditions of Madurese Pesantren Literature.” Journal of Islamic Law 6, no. 1 (February 2, 2025): 21–45. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v6i1.3749.

de Graaf, H.J. and TH. G. Th. Pigeaud, Kerajaan-Kerajaan Islam di Jawa: Peralihan dari Majapahit Ke Mataram, Jakarta: Grafiti. 1989.

Fathurahman, Oman. Filologi Indonesia: Teori dan Metode, Jakarta: Kencana, 2017

Federspiel, Howard M. “An Introduction to Qur’anic Commentaries in Contemporary South East Asia.” The Muslim World LXXXI No. 2 (April 1991), 149-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1991.tb03519.x

Gusmian, Islah. “Tafsir Al-Qur’an Bahasa Jawa: Peneguhan Identitas, Ideologi, dan Politik” in Jurnal Ṣuḥuf , 9, no. 1 (2006), 141-168. https://doi.org/10.22548/shf.v9i1

Gusmian, Islah. Khazanah Tafsir di Indonesia: Dari Hermeneutika hingga Ideologi

Yogyakarta, LKiS, 2013.

Gusmian, Islah. “Tafsir Alquran di Indonesia: Sejarah dan Dinamika” in Nun: Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Tafsir di Nusantara 1 no. 1 (2015), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.32495/nun.v1i1.8

Gusmian, Islah. “K.H. Misbah Ibn Zainul Musthafa (1916-1994 M): Pemikir dan Penulis Teks Keagamaan dari Pesantren”, in Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 14, no. 1 (2016). DOI:10.31291/jlk.v14i1.474.

Gusmian, Islah. “Bahasa dan Aksara dalam Penulisan tafsir di Indonesia Era Awal Abad 20 M” in Mutawatir Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadis 5 no. 2 (Desember 2015), 224-47. https://doi.org/10.15642/mutawatir.2015.5.2.223-247

Gusmian, Islah. “Al-Iklīl Fi Ma‘Ani Al-Tanzil And Family Planning in Indonesia.” Advances in Sosial Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR) 137. 2018.

Hasan, Zazuli. “Tafsir Pondok Pesantren: Karakteristik Tafsir Tāj al-Muslimīn min Kalām Rabb al-‘Ālamīn Karya KH Misbah bin Zainal Mustofa”, Wonosobo: Program Pascasarjana UINSIQ Jawa Tengah in Wonosobo.

Hodgson, Marshall G S. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, Chicago-London: The University of Chicago Press, 1977.

Horikoshi, Hiroko. Kyai dan Perubahan Sosial, trans. Abdi Muarly Sunrawa, Jakarta: P3M, 1987. Hourani, Albert. Islam dalam Pandangan Eropa, trans. Imam Baihaqi and Ahmad Baidowi, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1998.

Huda, Achmad Zainal. Mutiara Pesantren: Perjalanan Hikmah KH Bisri Mustafa. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2005.

Hurgronje, Snouck. Islam di Hindia Belanda, trans. S. Gunawan, Jakarta: Bhratara, 1973.

Ichwan, Moch Nur. “Literatur Tafsir Qur’an Melayu-Jawi di Indonesia: Relasi Kuasa, Pergeseran, dan Kematian,” Visi Islam: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman, 1, no.1, 2002.

Irsad, Muhammad, Abdul Mustaqim, and Saifuddin Zuhri Qudsy. “Paradigm Shifts in Gender Narratives of Tafsīr Al-Ibrīz through Oral Exegesis on Youtube.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 25, no. 1 (May 14, 2024): 141–60. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i1.5416.

Johns, Anthony H.. “The Qur’an in the Malay World: Reflection on ‘Abd al-Rauf of Singkel (1615-1693).” Journal of Islamic Studies 9 no. 2 (1988). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26198058.

Johns, Anthony H. “Quranic Exegesis in the Malay World” in Andrew Rippin (ed.). Approaches to the History of the Interpretation of the Qur’an. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.

Johns, Anthony H. “Penerjemahan Bahasa Arab ke dalam Bahasa Melayu: Sebuah Renungan,” in Henri Chambert-Loir (ed.) Sadur: Sejarah Terjemah di Indonesia dan Malaysia, Jakarta: KPG, 2009.

Lee, Robert D. Overcoming Tradition and Modernity: The Search for Islamic “Authenticity. Westview Press: A Division of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc, 1997.

Mahsun. Mazhab NU Mazhab Kritis. Depok: Nadi Pustaka, 2015.

Munir, Ghazali.. Warisan Intelektual Islam dalam Pemikiran Kalam Muhammad Shalih as- Samarani. Semarang: Walisongo Press, 2008.

Mustafa, KH Bisri. Al-Ibrīz fi Ma`rifat Tafsir al-Qur’an al-`Aziz. Kudus: Menara.

Mustafa, KH Bisri. Al-Ibrīz versi Latin: Tafsir Al-Qur’an Bahasa Jawa. Wonosobo: LEKAS, 2015.

Mustafa, KH Misbah. Tāj al-Muslimīn min Kalām Rabb al-‘Alamīn, Bangilan: Majlis Ta’līm wal Khaṭṭāṭ, 1990.

Muzadi, KH A Muchitt. NU dan Fiqih Kontekstual. Yogyakarta: LKPSM NU, 1995.

Nahrowi, Izza Rohman. “Profil Kajian Al-Qur’an di Nusantara sebelum Abad Keduapuluh” in Jurnal Al-Huda 6, 2 (2002).

Nurtawab, Ervan. “The Tradition of Writing Qur’anic Commentaries in Java and Sunda” in Jurnal Suhuf II, no. 2 (2009).

Nurtawab, Ervan. “Qur’anic Translation in Malay, Javanese and Sundanese” in Majid Daneshgar, Peter G Riddell dan Andre Rippin, The Qur’an in the Malay-Indonesian World, London-New York: Roudledge, 2016.

Nurtawab, Ervan. “Qur’anic Readings and Malay Translation in 18th-century Banten Qur’ans A.51 and W.277” in Jurnal Indonesia and the Malay World (March 12, 2020). https://www.tandfoinline.com/loi/cimw20

Nurtawab, Ervan. “The Tradition of Writing Qur’anic Commentaries in Java and Sunda” in Jurnal Suhuf. II, no. 2 (2009), 163-195. https://doi.org/10.22548/shf.v2i2

Penjiaran Islam. Qur’an Tardjamah Djawi. Yogyakarta: Penjiaran Islam.

Pink, Johanna. “Fathers and sons, angels and women: Translation, exegesis and social hierarchy in Javanese tafsīr” in Johanna Pink (ed), Qur’an Translation in Indonesia, Scriptural Politic in Multilingual State. New York: Routledge, 2024.

Pink, Johanna. “The kyai’s voice and the Arabic Qur’an.” Wacana 21, no. 3 (2020).

Qudsy, Saifuddin Zuhri, and Zaenudin HP, Ahmad R, Teuku Z. “The Social History of Ashab al-Jawiyyin and the Hadith Transmission in the 17th Century Nusantara.” ISLĀMIYYĀT 43, no. 2 (2021), 105 – 115. https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2021-4302-09.

Riddell, Peter G. “The Use of Arabic Commentaries on the Qur’an in Early Islamic Period in South and Saouth East Asia: A Report on Work Process.” Indonesia Circle Journal, LI, 1990.

Riddell, Peter G. “Controversy in Qur’anic Exegesis and Its Relevance to Malay-Indonesia World” in Anthony Reid (ed.), The Making of an Islamic Political Discourse in South East Asia. Calyton: Monas Paper on South East Asia, 1993.

Riddell, Peter G. “Variations on an Exegetical Theme: Tafsir Foundations in the Malay World.” Studia Islamika: Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies 21, no. 2 (August 31, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1072

Rohmah, Ari Hidayatur and Qudsy, SZ.. “Unsur-Unsur Budaya Jawa dalam Kitab Tafsir Al- Ibriz karya KH Bisri Mustofa.” Hermeneutik: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 14 no. 02 (2020), 283-306. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/hermeneutik.v14i1.6569.

Rohman, Nur. “Enkulturasi Budaya Pesantren dalam Kitab Al-Iklīl Fi Ma’ānī At-Tanzīl Karya Mishbah Musthofa.” Suhuf 12, no. 1 (2019), 57-89. https://doi.org/10.22548/shf.v12i1.397.

Rohmana, Jajang A. Sejarah Tafsir Al-Qur’an di Tatar Sunda, Bandung: Mujahid Press, 2014.

Rokhmad, Abu. “Telaah Karakteristik Tafsir Pegon Al-Ibrīz.” Jurnal Analisa, XVIII No. 1 (2011).

Rosowulan, Titis, Ahmad Fuad Hasyim, Muhammad Sholikhun, Purwanto Purwanto, Abdul Djamil, Muh In’amuzzahidin, and Roma Wijaya. “Pesantren’s Knowledge Identity Crisis in the Digital Era.” Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2025): 49–76. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i1.1287.

Saenong, Farid F. “Vernacularization of the Qur’an: Tantangan dan Prospek Tafsir Al- Qur’an di Indonesia,” Interview with Prof AH Johns, Jurnal Studi Qur’an I, No. 3 (2006).

Shahid, Irfan.. “Fawatih al-Suwar: The Mysterious Letters of the Qur’an” in Issa J Bolatta (ed.), Literary Structures of Realigious Meaning in the Qur’an. Richmond: Curzon Press, 2000.

Shihab, M. Quraish. Al-Qur’an dan Maknanya. Tangerang: Lentera Hati, 2021.

Sodiqin, Ali. Antropologi Al-Qur’an; Model Dialektika Wahyu dan Budaya, Yogyakarta: Ar- Ruzz Media Group, 2008.

Supriyanto, Islah Gusmian, and Zaenal Muttaqin. “Cultural Integration in Tafsir Al-Iklil Fi Ma’ani al-Tanzil by Misbah Mustafa within the Context of Javanese Islam.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 25, no. 2 (October 6, 2024): 392–415. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i2.5538.

Supriyanto. “Kajian Al-Qur’an dalam Tradisi Pesantren: Telaah atas Tafsir Al-Iklīl fi Ma`ani al-Tanzil.” Tsaqafah: Jurnal Peradaban Islam 16, no. 2 (November 30, 2016), 281-98. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v12i2.757.

Supriyanto. “Al-Qur’an dalam Ruang Keagamaan Islam Jawa: Respon Pemikiran Keagamaan Misbah Mustafa in Tafsir Al-Iklīl fi Ma`ani al-Tanzil” in Jurnal THEOLOGIA 28, no. 1 (2017), 29-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/teo.2017.28.1.1294

Supriyanto. “Harmoni Islam dan Budaya Jawa dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Basa Jawi.” Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya 3, 1 (August 31, 2018), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.15575/jw.v3i1.2578.

Suryanegara, Ahmad Mansur. Menemukan Sejarah: Wacana Pergerakan Islam Indonesia, Bandung: Mizan, 1995.

Syahid, Bakri. Al-Huda: Tafsir Al-Qur’an Basa Jawi. Yogyakarta: Bagus Arafah, 1983.

Ṭabāṭabā‘ī, Muḥammad Ḥusain. al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān. Beirut, 1998.

Wahid, Abdurrahman. Pergulatan Negara, Agama dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta: Desantara, 2001.

Yahya, Mohamad. “Metodologi Tafsir Al-Qur’an bil Ma’na Ala Pesantren: Kajian atas KH Ahmad Yasin bin Asymuni al-Jaruni.” in Ahmad Baidowi (ed.), Tafsir Al-Qur’an di Nusantara. Yogyakarta: AIAT, 2020.

Ẓahabī, Muḥammad Ḥusein. AI-Tafsīr wa al-Mufassirūn, Vol. 1. Kairo: Dār al-Kutub al Hadīṡah, 1978.

Zuhdi, Nurdin and Sahiron S. “The Contemporary Qur'anic Exegesis: Tracking Trends in The Interpretation of The Qur’an in Indonesia 2000-2010.” Jawi 1, no. 1 (2018), 1-48. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/jw.v1i1.2840.

Zuhdi, Muhammad Harfin. “Dakwah dan Dielektika Akulturasi Budaya” dalam Jurnal

Religia 15, no. 1 (2012), 46-64.

Websites

http://staff.ui.ac.id/system/files/users/titik.pudjiastuti/publication/Pégonscriptstangibleidentityofislamic-javanese.pdf.

https://muslimagamku.wordpress.com/2018/07/27/biografi-k-h-misbah-musthofa/

https://saidnazulfiqar.wordpress.com/2004/12/22/arkeologi-pemikiran-tafsir-di-indonesia

Downloads

Published

31-07-2025

How to Cite

Baidowi, A., & Ma’rufah, Y. (2025). Localizing The Qur’an in Javanese Pesantren: A Socio-Cultural Interpretation of Al-Ibrīz and Al-Iklīl. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 26(2), 302–326. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v26i2.5842

Issue

Section

Articles