Research Method for Exploring Discourse on the Rights for Religion for Transgender
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper explores several research methods used by researchers and published in various scientific journals to examine transgender issues in various countries. Transgender individuals are one of the gender-based minorities in social life. They live in uncomfortable conditions. They face life’s problems, which include problems in expressing religious rights, economic stability, and getting professional jobs. Like other human beings, they also have the right as citizens. These rights include civil rights, including religious rights, political rights, and social rights. There are several research methodologies that may be appropriate to be applied in research on transgender-related issues, namely life history, ethnography, phenomenology, feminist approach, textual or hermeneutic interpretation, and case studies.
[Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi beberapa metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh para peneliti yang dipublikasikan dalam berbagai jurnal ilmiah untuk meneliti isu-isu transgender di berbagai negara. Para individu transgender merupakan salah satu kelompok minoritas berdasarkan gender di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Mereka hidup dalam kondisi yang tidak nyaman. Mereka menghadapi berbagai problem kehidupan, yang termasuk di dalamnya adalah problem dalam mengekspresikan hak beragama, stabilitas ekonomi, dan mendapatkan pekerjaan profesional. Sebagaimana layaknya manusia lainnya, mereka juga memiliki hak sebagai warga negara. Hak tersebut antara lain adalah hak sipil yang termasuk di dalamnya hak beragama, hak berpolitik, dan hak bersosial. Ada beberapa metodologi penelitian yang mungkin sesuai untuk diterapkan dalam penelitian pada isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan transgender, yaitu sejarah hidup (life history), etnografi, fenomenologi, pendekatan feminis, interpretasi teks atau hermeneutik, dan studi kasus.]
(This article is based on a preliminary of Dissertation that is written by Rr. Siti Kurnia Widiastuti for an Inter-Religious Study (IRS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.)
Article Details
References
Ahimsa-Putra, Heddy Shri. Phenomenology Approach. Based on Ahimsa-Putra, Heddy Shri and Adeney-Risakotta, Farsijana (Editors). Seminar Course of Cultural and Historical Studies of Religion, 1st semeseter, 2010-2011 Academic Year, Yogyakarta: International Consortium for Religious Studies.
Altinay, Rustem Ertug. Reconstructing the Transgendered Self as a Muslim, Nationalist, Upper-Class Woman: The Case of Bulent Ersoy. Women’s Studies Quarterly, Vol. 36. No. 3/4. Trans-(Fall-Winter, 2008), New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York.
Badran, Margot. Feminism. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World.
Blackwood, Evelyn. Trans Identities and Contingent Masculinities: Being Tombois in Everyday Practice. Feminist Studies, Vol. 35. No. 3. The Politics of Embodiment (Fall 2009).
Blackwood, Evelyn. Transnational Sexualities in One Place: Indonesian Readings. Gender and Society, Vol. 19, No. 2, April 2005.
Brown, Mildred L. & Rounsley, Chloe. True Selves: Understanding Transsexualism. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass: 1996.
Connolly, Peter (Editor). Approaches to the Study of Religion. London and New York: Cassel.
Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds). Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Geertz, Clifford (1993), The Interpretation of Cultures, London: Fontana Press.
Holland, et. all. 1998. Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds. London: Harvard University Press.
Horton, Robin. 1960. A Definition of Religion, and its Uses. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 90, No. 2, (Jul-Dec, 1960).
Human Rights Watch. “I’m Scared to Be a Woman”: Human Rights Abuses Againts Transgender People in Malaysia. USA: 2014, p. I. Retrieved from www.hrw.org.
Jenkins, Richard. 2008. Social Identity. New York: Taylor and Francis e-Library.
Johnson, Mark. Transgender Men and Homosexuality in the Southern Philippines: Ethnicity, political violence and the Protocols of Engendered Sexualities amongst the Muslim Tausug and Sama. South East Asia Research, Vol. 3, No. 1 (MARCH 1995).
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kynsilehto, Anitta (ed.). 2008. Islamic Feminism: Current Perspectives. Finland: Tampere Peace Research Institute FI-33014 University of Tampere.
Liliwere, Alo. 2013. Fenomena dari Percabangan Filsafat sampai Metodologi Penelitian. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Malik, Shazia. Towards a Feminist Interpretation of Islam: Faith and Gender in the Work of Fatima Mernissi. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), Vol. 19, Issue 3, Ver. IV (Mar, 2014).
Manen.J., Van (Ed.). (1995). Representation in ethnography. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Matzner, Andrew. The Complexities of Acceptance: Thai Student Attitudes towards Kathoey. Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2(2001). Nothern Illinois: Northern Illinois University Center for Southeast Asian Studies.
Nagoshi, Julie L.; Nagoshi, Craig T.; and Brzuzy, Stepha/ie. Gender and Sexual Identity: Transcending Feminist and Queer theory. New York: Springer.
Nindito, Stefanus. 2005. Fenomenologi Alfred Schutz:Studi tentang Konstruksi Makna dan Realitas dalam Ilmu Sosial. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi: Volume 2, Nomor 1,Juni 2005.
Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.) Thousand oaks, CA: Sage.
Polipedia.eu. 2013. Marshall’s conception of citizenship. Retrieved from http://polipedia.eu on May 7, 2016.
Rossman, Gretchen B. and Rallis, Sharon F.. 2003. Learning in the Field: an Introduction to Qualitative Research. California: Sage Publications.
Ruhghea, Sara, Mirza, and Rachmatan, Risana. Studi Kualitatif Kepuasan Hidup Pria Transgender (Waria) di Banda Aceh. Jurnal Psikologi Undip Vol. 13 No. 1 April 2014.
Saeed, Abdullah. 2006. Interpreting the Qur’an: Towards a Contemporary Approach. London and New york: Routledge.
Sahidian, Hammed. Gender and Sexuality among Immigrant Iranians in Canada. Sexualities Vol 2(2): [1363-4607(199905)2:2; 189-222; 007944].
Sharma, Arvind (Editor). 2002. Methodology in Religious Studies: The Interface with Women’s study. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Sobur, Alex. 2014. Filsafat Komunikasi: Tradisi dan Metode Fenomenologi. Bandung: PT Rosdakarya.
Traer, Robert. Human Rights In Islam. Islamic Studies , Vol. 28, No. 2 (Summer 1989). Published by: Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad.
William, Catherin. 2014. Islamic Feminism and Feminist Theory. Thesis for MA in Integrated Studies, Alberta: Athabasca University.
Yip, Andrew K.T.. Queering Religious Text: An Exploration of British Non-heterosexual Christians’ and Muslims’ Strategy of Constructing Sexuality-affirming Hermeneutics. Sociology Vol. 39 (I) 2015. Sage Publication.
Yue, Audrey. Queer Asian Mobility and Homonational Modernity: Marriage Equality, Indian Students in Australia and Malaysian Transgender Refugees in the Media. Global Media and Communication 8(30). UK: Sage publication.