Mashrū’ Taf’īl al-Khiṭāb al-Salafī Fī al-Majāl al-Balāghī: Min Naqd al-Adlajah Ilā al-Naqd al-Mu`adlaj [The Project of Salafi Discourse Activism in Rhetorical Context: From Critics of Ideologization into Ideological Criticism]
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rhetorical project of Muhammad al-Ṣāmil, which called Balāghat Ahl al-Sunnah comes in the field of purifying Islamic knowledge from extraneous impurities and deviations. We discuss the foundations of this project and its cognitive practices as a discourse that can be analyzed according to approaches to discourse analysis, especially Foucault and Fairclough approaches, to arrive at a critical evaluation of the issue and its consequences. In the end, we reached the following results: First, the project is merely a transfer of “subjectivity” from the subjectivity of the theologians (mutakallimīn) to the subjectivity of those who reject the theological thought (‘ilm al-kalām); Secondly, the project is, in fact, a rhetorical practice through which authoritarian practices are carried out to exclude others and deconstruct their authority. Third, the support of the official educational institution for the project suggests ideological support as a policy by the state institution that funds it, and this means directing the knowledge path in a politically and ideologically biased direction. In sum, it is said that the project started with an ideology critique and ended with ideologized critique.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
’Abd al-Laṭīf, ’Imād. “Madkhal Ilā Mashrū’ al-Balāghah al-’Āmmah: A’māl al-’Umarī Min Nawāfidh Jabrī.” Al-Balāghah Wa Tahlīl al-Khiṭāb, no. 19 (2019): 103–18.
Abū Zayd, Naṣr Hamid. Al-Ittijāh al-’Aqlī Fī al-Tafsīr: Dirāsah Fī Qaḍiyyah al-Majāz Fī al-Qur`ān ’Inda al-Mu’tazilah. al-Dār al-Bayḍa`: al-Markaz al-Thaqāfī al-’Arabī, 1996.
———. Ishkāliyāh Al-Qirā`ah Wa Āliyāt al-Ta`wīl. al-Dār al-Bayḍa`: al-Markaz al-Thaqāfī al-’Arabī, 2014.
Alhajlah, Mansour Turki. “Al-Salafiyyah Wa Manhajiyyah al-Ta`wīl al-Ibtilaī li al-Naṣ Min Khilāl Ta`wīliyyah Ibn Taymiyyah.” In Al-Wahhābiyyah Wa al-Salafiyyah: Al-Afkār Wa al-Āthār. Beirut: Arab Network for Research and Networking, 2016.
Al-Lajnah al-Dā`imah Li al-Buhūth al-’Ilmiyyah Wa al-Iftā`. Fatāwā Al-Lajnah al-Dā`imah Li al-Buhūth al-’Ilmiyyah Wa al-Iftā`: Al-Majmū’ah al-Thāniyah. Edited by Ah}mad ibn ’Abd al-Razzāq al-Duwaysh. Riyadh: al-Ri`āsah al-’Āmmah Li al-Buhūth al-’Ilmiyyah Wa al-Iftā`, 2005.
’Amūrī, al-Sa’īd. “Al-Aydiyūlūjiya/ al-Khiṭab/ al-Nas}: Muqārabah Mafāhīmiyyah.” Majallah Al-’Ulūm al-Ijtimā’iyyah al-Insāniyyah 14, no. 29 (2013): 127–56.
Askar, ’Abd al-Muhsin ibn ’Abd al-Azīz. Al-Balāghah Fī Daw` Madhhab al-Salaf Fī al-I’tiqād. Riyadh: Maktabah Dār al-Minhāj, 1435.
———. “Al-Majāz Min al-Ibdā’ Ilā al-Ibtidā’.” Majallah Al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyyah 26, no. 3 (2014): 49–113.
———. “Iṣlāh Al-Idāh: Istidrākāt Wa Munāqashāh Li Masā`il Fī Kitāb al-Idah Li al-Khaṭīb al-Qazwīnī.” Majallah Jāmi’at al-Imām Muhammad Ibn Sa’ūd al-Islāmiyyah, no. 49 (2005).
Atabik, Ahmad. “The Discourse of Qurʹanic Metaphors: The Embryo of Theological Sects Disputes in Comprehending the Holy Qurʹan.” ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 22, no. 1 (2021): 45–61.
Basyūnī, ’Amr. Al-Dars al-’Aqadī al-Mu’aṣir: Qirā`ah Tahlīliyyah Li al-Dars al-’Aqadī ’Inda al-Salafiyyah Wa al-Ash’ariyyah Wa al-Shī’ah. Beirut: Namaa Center for Research and Studies, 2015.
Batāhir, Bin’īsā. “Taysīr Al-Balāghah Fī al-’Aṣr al-Hadiīth: Murāja’ah Wa Taqwīm.” Al-Majallah al-’Arabiyyah Li al-’Ulum al-Insa>niyyah 36, no. 143 (2018): 163–91.
Binsa’īd, Mahā. “Al-Mashrū’ al-Balāghī Li Muhammad Mishbāl: Balāghah al-Hijāj Nahwa Muqārabah Balāghiyyah Li Tahlīl al-Khiṭābāt.” Afkar, no. 371 (2019): 71–74.
El-Tobgui, Carl Sharif. Ibn Taymiyya on Reason and Revelation: A Study of Darʾ Taʿāruḍ al-ʿAql Wa al-Naql. Leiden: Brill, 2020.
Fairclough, Norman. Al-Khiṭāb Wa al-Taghayyur al-Ijtimā’ī. Translated by Muhammad ’Anānī. Cairo: al-Markaz al-Qawmī li al-Tarjamah, 2015.
———. Al-Lughah Wa al-Sulthah. Translated by Muhammad ’Anānī. Cairo: al-Markaz al-Qawmī li al-Tarjamah, 2016.
Foucault, Michel. Hafriyāt Al-Ma’rifah. Translated by Salim Yafut. Beirut - Dar El Beida: al-Markaz al-Thaqafi al-’Arabi, 1987.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. “Salafism, Education, and Youth: Saudi Arabia’s Campaign for Wahhabism in Indonesia.” In Wahhabism and the World: Understanding Saudi Arabia’s Global Influence on Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Haykel, Bernard. “’An Tabī’at al-Fikr Wa al-’Amal al-Salafiyyayn.” In Al-Salafiyyah al-’Ālamiyyah: Al-Harakāt al-Salafiyyah al-Mu’āṣirah Fi al-’Ālam al-Mutaghayyir, edited by Roel Meijer, translated by Muh}ammad Mahmud al-Tawbah. Beirut: Arab Network for Research and Networking, 2014.
Hilmī, Mustafā. Qawā’id al-Manhaj al-Salafī fī al-Fikr al-Islāmī: Buhūth fī al-’Aqīdah al-Islāmiyyah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 2005.
Hanā`ī, ’Abd al-Ridā Rahīm al-Rabī’. “Bawā’ith al-Tajdīd al-Balāghī Bayn al-Aṣālah Wa al-Mu’āṣarah.” Majallah Ādāb Dhī Qār, no. 20 (2016): 198–242.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Ah}mad ibn ’Abd al-Halīm. Majmū’ al-Fatāwā. Edited by ’Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad Ibn Qāsim. Al Madinah Al Munawwarah: King Fahd Glorious Qur’an Printing Complex, 1995.
Jabri, Mohammed Abed al-. Binyat Al-’Aql al-’Arabī. Beirut: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Wahdah al-’Arabiyyah, 2013.
———. “Madkhal ’Ām: Tārīkh al-’Alāqah Bayn al-Dīn wa al-Falsafah Fī al-Islām.” In Faṣl Al-Maqāl Fī Taqrīr Mā Bayn al-Sharī’ah Wa al-Hikmah Min al-Ittiṣāl Aw Wujūb al-Nazar al-’Aqlī Wa Hudūd al-Ta`wīl (al-Dīn Wa al-Mujtama’). Beirut: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Wahdah al-’Arabiyyah, 2020.
Al-Juwaynī, Muṣṭafā al-Ṣāwī. Al-Fikr al-Balāghī al-H{adīth. Alexandria: Dār al-Ma’rifah al-Jāmi’iyyah, 1998.
Al-Khūlī, Yumnā Tarīf. Amīn Al-Khūlī Wa al-Ab’ād al-Falsafiyyah Li al-Tajdīd. Cairo: Mu`assasah Hindawi, 2014.
Kouloughli, Djamel E. “Ta`thīr Al-Mu’tazilah Fī Nash`at al-Balāghah al-’Arabiyyah Wa Tatawwurihā.” In Dirāsāt Fī Tārīkh ’Ilm al-Kalām Wa al-Falsafah, edited by Rushdī Rāshid. Beirut: Markaz Dirāsāt al-Wahdah al-’Arabiyyah, 2014.
Mandaville, Peter. “Wahhabism and the World: The Historical Evolution, Structure, and Future of Saudi Religious Transnationalism.” In Wahhabism and the World: Understanding Saudi Arabia’s Global Influence on Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Al-Matrafī, Yāsir ibn Mātir. Al-’Aqā`idiyyah Wa Tafsīr al-Nas al-Qur`ānī: Al-Manāhij al-Dawāfi’ al-Ishkāliyyat al-Mudawwanāt (Dirāsah Muqāranah). Beirut: Namaa Center for Research and Studies, 2016.
Muhammad, ’Abd al-Razzāq. Fī al-Ārā` al-Tabī’iyyah Li Mutakallimī al-Islām Wa Maqāsidihā al-Ilāhiyyah. Beirut: Namaa Center for Research and Studies, 2018.
Al-Musaddī, ’Abd al-Salām. Al-Tafkīr al-Lisānī Fī al-Hadārah al-’Arabiyyah. Tripoli: al-Dār al-’Arabiyyah Li al-Kitāb, 1986.
Qassāb, Walīd. Al-Turāth al-Naqdī Wa al-Balāghī Li al-Mu’tazilah Hattā Nihāyat al-Qarn al-Sādis al-Hijrī. Doha: Dār al-Thaqāfah, 1985.
Qaylī, H{asan Sulaymān. “Al-Khiṭāb al-Salafī Wa Sulṭat al-Nas: Bahth Fī al-Ma’rifah al-Salafiyyah Bayn al-Nas Wa al-Ijtihād.” Al-Mustaqbal al-’Arabī, no. 505 (2021): 133–42.
Al-Ṣāmil, Muhammad ibn ’Alī. Al-Madkhal Ilā Dirāsat Balāghat Ahl al-Sunnah. Riyadh: Kunūz Ishbīliyā, 2005.
Salim, Muhammad Salah. “Imagined Ancestors: An Analytical Historical Approach to the Idea of the Ancestors in the Context of the Mihna, Ahmed Bin Hanbal and the Imagined Ahmed Bin Hanbal by Raed Al–Samhouri.” Tabayyun 36, no. 9 (2021): 201–11.
Shaybānī, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hanbal al-. Al-Radd ’Alā al-Jahmiyyah Wa al-Zanādiqah. Edited by Sabrī Salāmah Shāhīn. Riyadh: Dār al-Thabāt, 2003.
Al-’Ulaywī, Yūsuf b. ’Abdillah. Al-Tawjīh al-Balāghī Li Āyāt al-’Aqīdah Fi al-Mu`allafāt al-Balāghiyyah Fī al-Qarnayn al-Sābi’ Wa al-Thāmin al-Hijriyyayn. Riyadh: Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, 2008.
Zanjīr, Muhammad Rif’at Ahmad. Mabāhith Fi Al-Balāghah Wa I’jāz al-Qur`ān. Dubai: Dubai International Holy Quran Award, 2008.
Zarrūq, al-Husayn. Juhūd Al-Ummah Fī al-I’jāz al-Bayānī Li al-Qur`ān al-Karīm: Al-Masār Wa al-Ma`āl Wa al-Maktabah. Cairo: Dār al-Salām, 2013.