Resolving Murabahah Default: Legal Substance, Structure, and Culture in Community-Based Islamic Financial Institutions
Abstract
Abstract: Murābaḥah default in community based Islamic finance institutions is often managed through non litigation pathways, yet its effectiveness boundaries are rarely assessed through a socio legal lens. This study maps patterns of murābaḥah default and the dispute resolution chain at KSPPS Nusa Ummat Sejahtera, Dawe Kudus Branch, then tests legal effectiveness using indicators of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. The research adopts a qualitative socio legal case study design, drawing on primary data from interviews with managers and members, and secondary data from internal documents, warning letters, restructuring addenda, and relevant normative references. Findings identify installment payment delay as the dominant default pattern, alongside recurring default after restructuring. The resolution chain proceeds in stages through written warnings, personal approaches, deliberation, internal mediation, restructuring in the form of rescheduling and reconditioning, and collateral based options that seldom escalate to formal forums. The substance test reveals vulnerabilities in members’ contract literacy and tensions in practice concerning wakālah (agency) and asset ownership. The structure test indicates that internal capacity is sufficiently functional for ṣulḥ (amicable settlement), yet remains constrained at the collateral stage and by limited access to external dispute resolution institutions. The culture test shows that kinship-oriented norms accelerate short term settlement but also create tolerance approaching moral hazard and prolong repeated restructuring.
Abstrak: Wanprestasi murābaḥah pada lembaga keuangan syariah berbasis komunitas sering diselesaikan melalui jalur non-litigasi, namun batas efektivitasnya belum banyak diukur secara sosio legal. Kajian ini memetakan pola wanprestasi dan rantai penyelesaian sengketa murābaḥah pada KSPPS Nusa Ummat Sejahtera Cabang Dawe Kudus, lalu menguji efektivitas hukum (legal effectiveness) melalui indikator substansi hukum, struktur hukum, dan budaya hukum. Desain penelitian memakai studi kasus kualitatif sosio legal dengan data primer berupa wawancara pengurus dan anggota, serta data sekunder berupa dokumen internal, surat peringatan, addendum restrukturisasi, dan rujukan normatif yang relevan. Temuan menunjukkan keterlambatan angsuran sebagai pola dominan, disertai kecenderungan wanprestasi berulang setelah restrukturisasi. Rantai penyelesaian berjalan bertahap melalui surat peringatan, pendekatan personal, musyawarah, mediasi internal, restrukturisasi berupa rescheduling dan reconditioning, serta opsi penanganan jaminan yang jarang berujung ke jalur formal. Uji substansi mengungkap kerentanan pada pemahaman akad dan ketegangan praktik terkait wakālah dan kepemilikan barang. Uji struktur menegaskan kemampuan internal koperasi cukup fungsional untuk ṣulḥ, namun terbatas pada fase jaminan dan akses lembaga eksternal. Uji budaya hukum memperlihatkan nilai kekeluargaan mempercepat penyelesaian jangka pendek, tetapi membuka ruang toleransi yang mendekati moral-hazard dan memperpanjang restrukturisasi berulang.
Full text article
References
Abbasi, Sami M., Kenneth W. Hollman, and Joe H. Murrey. “Islamic Economics: Foundations and Practices.” International Journal of Social Economics 16, no. 5 (1989): 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068298910367215.
Abdullah, M. “Shari’ah, Ethical Wealth and SDGs: A Maqasid Perspective.” In Islamic Wealth and the SDGs: Global Strategies for Socio-Economic Impact. 2021. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65313-2_4.
Ahmad, Fauzan, Ahdi Topan Sofyan, and Eko Suryaningsih. “The Concept of Murabahah (Buy and Buy) and Its Applications In The Sharia Financial Services Cooperative Pariri Lema Bariri (KJKS Paleba).” International Journal of Social Service and Research 2, no. 1 (2022): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v2i1.63.
Akmal, Haerul, and Mohammad Hanief Sirajulhuda. “Tinjauan Fiqh Muamalah Terhadap Transaksi Multi Akad Dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI Tentang Pembiayaan Likuiditas Jangka Pendek Syariah.” Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 4, no. 2 (2019): 195. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v4i2.922.
Ali, Am Hasan. “Community-Based Economic Development and Partnership Cooperation: The Economics Strategy for Prosperity of the Ummah.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 (2024): 1280. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.22925.
Ansori, Ansori. “Position of Fatwa in Islamic Law: The Effectiveness of MUI, NU, and Muhammadiyah Fatwas.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 22, no. 1 (2022): 53–72. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i1.53-72.
Arif Andika, Afriyanti, Ulyadi, Mulyadi Muslim. “Non Performing Financingdan Strategi Penanganannya Pada Akad Murabahah diKSPPS Risalatuna Berkah Sejahtera.” RISALAH IQTISADIYAH: Journal of Sharia Economics 4, no. 1 (2025): 14.
Arifah, R.N., and D. Fidhayanti. “LEGAL POSITION OF FIDUCIARY DEEDS IN A MURABAHA CONTRACT FOLLOWING THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NUMBER 18/PUU-XVII/2019 ON DEFAULT AGREEMENT BY CREDITORS AND DEBTORS.” Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah 12, no. 2 (2021): 211–27. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v12i2.12570.
Arifin, S., F.X. Sumarja, and A. Triono. “Legal Framework for Resolving Local Government Loan Defaults in Indonesia: A Comparative Study of Positive and Islamic Law.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani 12, no. 1 (2025): 359–75. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v12i1.7971.
Asyiqin, I.Z., and F.F. Alfurqon. “Musyarakah Mutanaqisah: Strengthening Islamic Financing in Indonesia and Addressing Murabahah Vulnerabilities.” Jurnal Media Hukum 31, no. 1 (2024): 1–18. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v31i1.20897.
Aulia Shofyani, Alvi, Azmatul Alyaa, Hamiyatul Aliyah Ainulhaq, Inayah Auliannisa Jamaluddin, and Salsabila Hasna. “Perbandingan Keberagaman Dewan Pengawas Syariah Pada Bank Umum Syariah Indonesia Dan Malaysia.” Al-Musthofa: Journal of Sharia Economics 6, no. 1 (2023): 17–34. https://doi.org/10.58518/al-musthofa.v6i1.1674.
Dharma, Yulius, Anwar Puteh, Rahmat Widodo, Luqman Alfaqih, and Aiyub Yahya. “The Influence of Financial Literacy and Islamic Business Ethics on Investment in Islamic Financial Instruments: The Mediating Role of Risk Attitude and the Moderating Role of Religious Knowledge.” Journal of Ecohumanism 3, no. 8 (2024): 264–82. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.4729.
Djumadi, Arzal Syah, Hamida, Mujahidin, and Kamiruddin. “Critical Review of MurĀbaḥah Financing in Contemporary Islamic Banking: A MaqĀṣid al-Sharī‘ah Perspective.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 2 (2025): 1152–88. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i2.11087.
Elvia, E.E., A. Mujib, A. Nor, and M.I. Akbar. “BASYARNAS AS A PLACE FOR DISPUTE RESOLUTION OF MUSYARAKAH FINANCING IN SHARIA BANKING IN THE DISRUPTION ERA.” El-Mashlahah 13, no. 1 (2023): 39–56. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i1.5345.
Fauziyah, Ike Nur, Mohammad Fateh, and Dini Mardiyah. “Implementasi Fatwa Dsn No. 119 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pembiayaan Ultra Mikro: Studi di KSPPS BMT Bahtera Pekalongan.” el hisbah: Journal of Islamic Economic Law 1, no. 2 (2021): 175–86. https://doi.org/10.28918/el_hisbah.v1i2.4439.
Fithriah, N., D.D. Arso, and A.A. Muthia. “Implementing Accessibility Principles in Alternative Dispute Resolution for Sharia Economic Disputes in Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani 10, no. 2 (2023): 292–301. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v10i2.3010.
Hasanudin, Kamsi, and Ahmad Yani Anshori. “The Contestation of Legal Foundations in the Resolution of Islamic Economic Disputes in Religious Courts.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 2024, 271–88. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v18i2.11934.
Hidayah, Aziza Mutifani, and Abdul Mujib. “Aspek Hukum Pengawasan Pembiayaan Koperasi Syariah Oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dan Kementerian Koperasi Dan Usaha Kecil Menengah.” Adzkiya : Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Syariah 11, no. 1 (2023): 51. https://doi.org/10.32332/adzkiya.v11i1.6243.
Hidayah, N., A. Azis, T. Mutiara, and D. Larasati. “SHARIA BANKING DISPUTES SETTLEMENT: Analysis of Religious Court Decision in Indonesia.” Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 23, no. 1 (2023): 75–92. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v23i1.1347.
Ibrahim, Azharsyah, and Abdul Jalil Salam. “A Comparative Analysis of DSN-MUI Fatwas Regarding Murabahah Contract and the Real Context Application (A Study at Islamic Banking in Aceh).” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 5, no. 1 (2021): 372. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.8845.
Kaidani, M. Kausari, and Yana Hendriana. “The Impact of Contract Blending on Sharia Compliance and Social Trust in Islamic Banking: Dampak Pencampuran Akad Terhadap Kepatuhan Syariah Dan Kepercayaan Sosial Perbankan Syariah.” Az-Zarqa’: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Islam 16, no. 1 (2025): 95–114. https://doi.org/10.14421/6nxzw596.
Kumaratih, Cinantya and Tulus Sartono. “Cooperative Law Policy: Historical Study Of Cooperative Settings In Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Prasada 7, no. 1 (2020): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.22225/jhp.7.1.1267.34-44.
Kususiyanah, Anjar, Soleh Hasan Wahid, and Wahyu Saputra. “Operational Permits and Brandings of Savings and Loan Cooperatives and Sharia Financing (KSPPS) in Legal Validity Perspective.” Ijtihad : Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 21, no. 1 (2021): 59–78. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v21i1.59-78.
K.Y.N. Ramadhani. “‘Murabahah Financing on Non-Performing Finance in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia.’” International Journal Od Advanced Management, Economics and Social Change (IJAMESC) 1, no. 1 (2023): 45.
Lathif, Ah. Azharuddin. “Konsep Dan Aplikasi Akad Murâbahah Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia.” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 12, no. 2 (2013). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v12i2.967.
Mansoori, Muhammad Tahir. “General Principles of Business Contracts in Islamic Law.” In Institutional Islamic Economics and Finance, 1st ed., by Ahsan Shafiq. Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003227649-3.
Margaretha Yeremia Claudia, Mahmul Siregar, Maria Kaban, Syarifah Lisa Andriati. “Komparansi Penyelesaian Sengketa Wanprestasi Perkreditan Atau Pembiayaan Melalui Pengadilan Pada Perbankan Konvensional Dan Perbankan Syariah.” Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review 3, no. 1 (2024): 128–29.
Maulidizen, Ahmad. “Literature Study on Murābaḥah Financing in Islamic Banking in Indonesia.” Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 1 (2018): 25–49. https://doi.org/10.21580/economica.2018.9.1.2411.
McKillop, Donal, Declan French, Barry Quinn, Anna L. Sobiech, and John O.S. Wilson. “Cooperative Financial Institutions: A Review of the Literature.” International Review of Financial Analysis 71 (October 2020): 101520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101520.
Muchlis, Saiful. “SYARI’AH OPTIMIZATION OF BUSINESS THEORY IN PREVENTING RIBA PRACTICES IN MURABAHAH CONTRACT (Case Study at Muamalat Indonesian Bank).” International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics 4, no. 1 (2019): 563. https://doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.4.1.563-581.
Pitluck, Aaron Z. “Beyond Debt and Equity: Dissecting the Red Herring and a Path Forward for Normative Critiques of Finance.” Focaal 2022, no. 93 (2022): 60–74. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2022.930105.
Purba, Kevin Agatha, Dhaniswara K Harjono, and Hulman Panjaitan. “LEGAL CERTAINTY REGARDING COLLECTION RELATED TO GUARANTEES IN TERMS OF MOTOR VEHICLE FINANCING BASED ON OJK REGULATION NO. 22 OF 2023.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, POLICY AND LAW (IJoSPL) 5, no. 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.8888/ijospl.v5i3.173.
Siregar, Ibrahim. “PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WAKAF DI INDONESIA: Pendekatan Sejarah Sosial Hukum Islam.” MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 36, no. 1 (2012). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v36i1.111.
Siyamto, Yudi. “Perkembangan Kualitas Pembiayaan Bank Syariah Di Indonesia: Tren Kategori Dan Non-Performing Financing 2015–2024.” Jurnal Ilmiah Keuangan Akuntansi Bisnis 4, no. 2 (2025): 747–58. https://doi.org/10.53088/jikab.v4i2.224.
Syah, A. “Critical Review of Murābaḥah Financing in Contemporary Islamic Banking: A Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Perspective.” MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 4, no. 2 (2025): 1152–88. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i2.11087.
Travers, Max, and Reza Banakar. Theory and Method in Socio-Legal Research. Hart Publishing, 2005.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Evi Rizkia, A. Haris Na'im
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.