Between Conflict and Peace: The Government Policies and Sunni-Shia Relationship in Sampang and Yogyakarta
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Shi’a minority encounters different kind of treatments from the Sunni majority in several regions in Indonesia; some falls into series of violent discriminative conflicts, while the other live in peace. The Sampang Shi’a community has encountered the first kind of treatments, whereas the Shi’a community in Yogyakarta is able to get a safe environment. The disjuncture comes from the different policies enacted by the respective regional governments. This study tries to describe the differences of the policies from the regional governments and uncover the factors structuring them. In doing so, this qualitative study approaches the issue through a case study using the theory of conflict proposed by Ralf Dahrendorf and functional theory of Lewis A. Coser. This study finds some factors leading to the different form of treatments of Sunnī majority towards the Shi’a minorities of Sampang and Yogyakarta, including: social, cultural, political, economic, and some other external factors. Furthermore, it also suggets that to cope with the discrimination issue towards the minority, the government could consider to implement the politics of multiculturalism proposed by Charles Taylor.
Article Details
References
Afdillah, Muhammad. Dari Masjid Ke Panggung Politik: Studi Kasus Peran Pemuka Agama Dan Politik Dalam Konflik Kekerasan Agama Antara Komunitas Sunni Dan Syiah Di Sampang Jawa Timur. tesis. Yogyakarta: CRCS UGM, 2013.
Ahnaf, Mohammad Iqbal, dkk. Politik Lokal Dan Konflik Keagamaan: Pilkada Dan Struktur Kesempatan Politik Dalam Konflik Keagamaan Di Sampang, Bekasi, Dan Kupang. Yogyakarta: CRCS, 2015.
Ajuba, Taufik. Yayasan Rausyan Fikr (Studi Gerakan Intelektual Keagamaan Di Yogyakarta). Skripsi. UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2009.
Al Makin. “Homogenizing Indonesian Islam: Persecution of the Shia Group in Yogyakarta.” Studia Islamika: Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies, Vol. 24, no. 1, (2017).
Alam, Karya. Sejarah Perkembangan Dan Kontribusi Yayasan Rausyan Fikr 1995- 2003. Skripsi. UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2014.
Amin, Nazifatul Ummy Al, Egi Tanadi Taufik, Siti Mufidatunrofiah, and Idris Ahmad Rifai. “Kejawen, Multiculturalism, and Principles of Qur’an: Transformation and Resupposition of QS. al-Kafirun (109) 6 in Urip Sejati Community of Yogyakarta.” Esensia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 21, no. 1 (2020): 71–90.
Amrullah, Ziya Muthi. “Wawancara,” July 12, 2019.
Ardiyanti, Handrini. “Konflik Sampang: Sebuah Pendekatan Sosiologi-Komunikasi.” Politica, Vol. 3, no. 2, (November 2012).
Badrud, and Faiz Amin,. “Wawancara,” September 20, 2019.
Basuki, A. Singgih. “Religions, Violence, and Interdiciplinary Dialogue.” ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 19, no. 2 (October 2018).
Demantoto, Argyo. “Strukturalisme Konflik: Pemahaman Akan Konflik Pada Masyarakat Industri Menurut Lewis Coser Dan Ralf Dahrendorf.” Jurnal Sosiologi. Vol., no. 1, (2010).
Dewi, Oki Setiana. “Syiah: Dari Kemunculannya Hingga Perkembanganya Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Studi Alquran: Membangun Tradisi Berfikir Qur’ani. Vol.12 , no. 2 (Tahun 2016).
Efendy., Rustan. “Upaya Membangun Epistemologi Islam (Studi Pada Pembelajaran Buku ‘Our Philosophy’ Di RausyanFikr Yogyakarta).” Kuriositas. Vol. 1, no. VI, (June 2013).
Fadhli, Yogi Zul. Hak Asasi Kelompok Minoritas Di Indonesia (Studi Tentang Hak Beragama Bagi Penganut Ajaran Syiah). Tesis. Yogyakarta: UII, 2013.
Halimatusa’diyah, Iim. “Being Shi’ite Women in Indonesia’s Sunni Populated Community: Roles and Relation among Themselves and with Others.” Southeast Asia Research. 21, no. 1 (n.d.).
Hamdi, Ahmad Zainul. “Klaim Religious Authority Dalam Konflik Sunni-Syi’i Sampang Madura.” ISLAMICA, Vol. 6, no. 2 (March 2012).
Hazim. “Dampak Sosial Dan Psikososial Bagi Pengungsi Pasca Konflik Antara Sunni-Syiah Di Sampang Madura.” PSIKOLOGIA, Vol, 3, no. 1, (January 2015).
Hilmy, Masdar. “The Political Economy of Sunni-Shi’ah Conflict in Sampang Madura.” Al-Jāmi‘ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol. 53, no. 1, (2015).
Ida, Rachmah, and Laurentius Dyson. “Konflik Sunni-Syiah Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Komunikasi Intra-Religius.” Jurnal Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik, Vol. 28, no. 1, (tahun 2015).
Kiai Abd Wahid, Syafiudin, Kiai Muhdis, and Kiai Mukhlisin. “Wawancara,” September 20, 2019.
Kiai Muhdis, and Kiai Mukhlisin. “Wawancara,” September 20, 2019.
Lestari, Gina. “Binekha Tunggal Ika: Khasanah Multikultural Indonesia Di Tengah Kehidupan SARA.” Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Volume. 28, no. 1, (Pebruari 2015).
Mundzir, Ilham. “Negara, Hak-Hak Minoritas, Dan Multikulturalisme (Kasus Ahmadiyah).” Indo-Islamika, Vol. 1, no. 2, (2012).
Muryana. “Kebebasan Ekspresi Keagamaan Di Jogja City of Tolerance (Studi Kasus Toleransi Dan Intoleransi Di Balik Plank ‘Terima Kost Putra Muslim/Putri Muslimah)’.” Vol. III, no. 1, (June 2017).
Nasution, M. Imaduddin. “Demokrasi Dan Politik Minoritas Di Indonesia.” Politica, Vol.4, no. 2, (November 2013).
Putro, Zaenal Abidin Eko. “Ketahanan Toleransi Orang Jawa: Studi Tentang Yogyakarta Kontemporer.” Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi. Vol. 15, no. 2, (July 2010).
Rumagit, Stev Koresy. “Kekerasan Dan Diskriminasi Antar Umat Beragama Di Indonesia.” Lex Administratum. Vol.1, no. 2, (March 2013).
Sofwani. “Konsep Dan Kajian Teori Perumusan Kebijakan Publik.” Jurnal Review Politik Vol. 05, no. 02 (December 2015).
Solikhin, Ahmad. “Islam, Negara, Dan Perlindungan Hak-Hak Islam Minoritas.” Journal of Governance. Vol. 1, no. 2, (December 2016).
Suswanto, Heri. “Wawancara,” July 30, 2019.
Syaifuddin, Achmad Fedyani. “Grounding Multiculturalism in Indonesia.” ETNOVISI: Journal of Socio-Cultural Anthropology Vol. II, no. 1 (April 2006).
Tualeka, M. Wahid Nur. “Teori Konflik Sosiologi Klasik Dan Modern.” Jurnal Al- Hikmah. Vol. 3, no. 1, (January 2017).
Wahyu Iryana, Nina Herlina Lubis, Mumuh Muhsin Z, and Kunto Sofianto. “The Existence of Shia in Indonesia Between Tradition and Power of Government.” Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 28, no. (2), (2018).
Wahyudi, Johan, and Makmun Wahid,. “Peminggiran Minoritas Dan Absennya Multikulturalisme Di Ranah Lokal: Studi Kasus Komunitas Muslim Syiah Di Sampang.” Jurnal Politik Profetik. Vol. 5, no. 1 (2015).
Wijaya, Endra. “Problem Melindungi Hak Beragama Dan Berkeyakinan Bagi Kelompok Minoritas Melalui Pengadilan.” Jurnal Yudisial. Vol.10, no. 2, (August 2017).
Yasih, Diatyka Widya Permata. “Tradisi, Ekonomi-Politik, Dan Toleransi Yogyakarta.” Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi, Vol. 15, no. 2, (July 2010).