THE DOMINATION OF CUSTOMARY LAW IN MUSLIM MATRIMONIAL PROCEDURES: Prohibiting Khiṭbah in the Sade Muslim Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/ahwal.2023.16206Keywords:
Khitbah, cultural identity, merariq traditions, Sade Muslim communityAbstract
Betrothal (Khiṭbah) prior to marriage is considered a noble practice within Islamic tradition. However, among the Sade Muslim community, there are instances where betrothal is intentionally omitted and even opposed by the society. They practice the tradition of merariq, apparently abducting the bride without the prior consent of her family. Only afterward does the groom's family approach the bride's family to negotiate the marriage between them. This practice of 'abducting' prospective brides is not found in any Islamic teachings. This article aims to shed light on the motives behind the betrothal prohibition before the marriage contract (akad nikah) among the Sade Muslim community. This research involves fieldwork with ten key informants. The findings indicate that the prohibition of the betrothal process among the Muslim Sade is a longstanding cultural heritage within the society. This tradition is perceived as an emblem of the Sasak ethnic group, intentionally preserved amidst inevitable modernization.
[Abstrak: Peminangan (Khiṭbah) sebelum pernikahan merupakan salah satu tahap perkawinan yang dianggap sebagai anjaran mulia dalam tradisi Islam. Namun bagi masyarakat Muslim Sade, ada kalanya peminangan ini sengaja tidak dilakukan dan bahkan ditentang oleh masyarakat tersebut. Mereka bahkan mempraktikkan tradisi merariq dengan cara seolah-olah menculik mempelai perempuan tanpa sepengetahuan pihak keluarganya. Barulah setelah itu pihak laki-laki menemui pihak perempuan untuk melakukan proses negosisasi agar dilangsungkan pernikahan antara keduanya. Tradisi 'menculik' calon pengantin perempuan ini tidak ditemukan dalam ajaran Islam manapun. Artikel ini bertujuan mengupas motif di balik larangan meminang gadis sebelum akad pernikahan di kalangan masyarakat Muslim Sade. Penelitian ini merupakan studi lapangan yang melibatkan sepuluh informan kunci sebagai sumber primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik larangan bagi calon pengantin laki-laki untuk meminang gadis Muslim Sade merupakan manifestasi adat yang telah berlangsung lama. Tradisi ini merupakan ciri khas dari Suku Sasak. Kecenderungan masyarakat Sade melarang khitbah dan mempertahankan tradisi merariq bertujuan untuk menjaga identitas budaya adat mereka dari pengaruh modernisasi yang kian tak tertercegah.]
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