Merekonstruksi Kedaulatan Udara Indonesia dari Perspektif Meta-Konstitusional: Sebuah Kritik terhadap Dominasi Singapura dalam Pengelolaan Flight Information Region (FIR)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/dwbdd986Keywords:
Flight Information Region, , Air Sovereignty, Pactum Subjectionis, Meta Constitutionality, Kedaulatan Udara, Meta KonstitusionalitasAbstract
For more than seven decades, Singapore has dominated the management of Indonesia's Flight Information Region (FIR). This situation raises serious questions about air sovereignty and the supremacy of the national constitution. It stems from concerns about the delegation of FIR to foreign authorities, which is considered to disregard the basic principles of state sovereignty in the constitution and has the potential to weaken the legitimacy of the country's strategic policies. This study uses a legal-normative method with a conceptual and meta-constitutional approach to examine the constitutional and moral validity of the 2022 Indonesia-Singapore FIR Agreement. This approach allows researchers to criticize the reduction of the constitution to a mere procedural instrument and evaluate the extent to which the agreement reflects the principles of pactum subjectionis and leges fundamentalis. The results of the study show that the transfer of FIR has no objective technical basis and contradicts Article 1 of the 1944 Chicago Convention and Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of reconstructing the meaning of air sovereignty through a meta-constitutional approach so that the state does not lose its normative foundation in the face of geopolitical compromises. This study contributes to the discourse on renewing the paradigm of constitutional law to be more reflective, civilized, and rooted in the will of the people.
Selama lebih dari tujuh dekade, Singapura telah mendominasi pengelolaan Flight Information Region (FIR) Indonesia. Situasi ini menimbulkan pertanyaan serius tentang kedaulatan udara dan supremasi konstitusi nasional. Berawal dari kecemasan mengenai pendelegasian FIR kepada otoritas asing yang dinilai mengabaikan prinsip dasar kedaulatan negara dalam konstitusi dan berpotensi melemahkan legitimasi kebijakan strategis negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan meta-konstitusional untuk membedah keabsahan konstitusional dan moral dari Perjanjian FIR Indonesia–Singapura tahun 2022. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan peneliti untuk mengkritik reduksi konstitusi menjadi sekadar instrumen prosedural dan mengevaluasi sejauh mana kesepakatan tersebut mencerminkan prinsip pactum subjectionis dan leges fundamentalis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengalihan FIR tidak memiliki dasar teknis yang objektif dan bertentangan dengan Pasal 1 Chicago Convention 1944 serta Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya rekonstruksi pemaknaan kedaulatan udara melalui pendekatan meta-konstitusional agar negara tidak kehilangan fondasi normatif dalam menghadapi kompromi geopolitik. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada wacana pembaruan paradigma hukum tata negara yang lebih reflektif, berkeadaban, dan berakar pada kehendak rakyat.
Downloads
References
AirNav Indonesia. “Penyesuaian Flight Information Region.” AirNav Indonesia, 2023. https://www.airnavindonesia.co.id/.
Ali Farazmand. Bureaucracy, Bureaucratic Politics, and Democracy. Springer, 2023.
Ana Fauzia and Fathul Hamdani. “Sanksi Penundaan Atau Penghentian Jaminan Sosial Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19.” Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum 1, no. 2 (2021): 133–74.
Andersson, Emil. “Liberal Legitimacy and Future Citizens.” Philosophical Studies 182 (June 2025): 1067–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-025-02308-w.
Ardan, Mochammad Chaerul. “Diplomasi Penyelesaian Sengketa Flight Information Region Indonesia- Singapura di atas Wilayah Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna.” Jurnal Sains, Sosial dan Humaniora (JSSH) 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.52046/jssh.v2i2.1320.
Aziz, Alifia Noor, and Hotma Antoni Hutahaean. “Analisa Cost Benefit Ratio Pengambilalihan Singapore Flight Information Region sebagai Perwujudan Kedaulatan Nasional.” Jurnal Praktik Keinsinyuran 2, no. 4 (2025): 417–30.
Cardellini Leipertz, Raoul. “Sovereignty beyond Borders: Unraveling the Enigma of Airspace and Outer Space Interplay.” International Journal of Law and Policy 2, no. 7 (2024): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.59022/ijlp.201.
Damanik, Eko Rinaldo, Thea Farina, and Satriya Nugraha. “Krisis Partisipasi Publik dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang di Indonesia: Problematika Hak Konstitusional dan Pengabaian Aspirasi Rakyat.” INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (2025): INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research.
Degterev, Denis A. “Value Sovereignty in the Era of Global Convergent Media.” Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 2 (2022): 352–71. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-2-352-371.
Delfiyanti. “Aspek Hukum Terkait Penerbangan Lintas Batas Berdasarkan Konvensi Chicago.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 1 (2023): 63–69.
Dewi Nurvianti, Aris Irawan, Fathurrahman, and Sri Fridayanti. “The Absence of a Derogation Clause from the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.” African Human Rights Law Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 79–95.
Divania Earlyza Jasmine and Robi Sugara. “Air Navigation Sovereignty Through Indonesia-Singapore Fir Boundary Realignment in 2022.” Ilomata International Journal of Social Science 5, no. 1 (2024): 1–13.
Endang Purwaningsih. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Sonpedia Publishing, 2022.
Fabienne Peter. “The Grounds of Political Legitimacy.” Journal of the American Philosophical Association 6, no. 3 (2020).
Hasibuan, Nur Hasanah, Eva Dewi, and Khairil Anwar. “Fenomenologi: Karl Popper (Falsifikasi) dan Dekonstruksi Jacques Derrida.” Jurnal Sains Student Research 3, no. 1 (2025): 224–38.
Hidayat, Dodi, and Rahmawati Kusuma. “Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Penundaan Atau Penghentian Jaminan Sosial Pada Perpres Nomor 14 Tahun 2021.” Private Law 1, no. 2 (2021): 216–24. https://doi.org/10.29303/prlw.v1i2.266.
Husna, Lenny, and Agus Riyanto. “Implikasi Perjanjian Internasional Flight Information Region (FIR) Singapura atas Ruang Udara Indonesia terhadap Kepulauan Riau.” SNISTEK 2, no. 1 (2019): 127–32.
Indrawati, Nanda. “Peluang dan Tantangan Penandatanganan Perjanjian Penyesuaian Flight Information Region (FIR) antara Indonesia dengan Singapura.” Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan 7, no. 2 (2022): 18–36. https://doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v7i2.3541.
Isnawati. Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia: Teori, Historis, Dan Dinamika. Bintang Semesta Media, 2022.
Jonaedi Efendi and Prasetijo Rijadi. Metode Penelitian Hukum: Normatif Dan Empiris. Prenada, 2023.
Kaban, Divany Harbina Emzilena, Keshia Annisa Putri, and Arif Pujawangsa Paksi. “Konsep Negara Hukum Dalam Perspektif Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia.” Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) 2, no. 3 (2024): 290–94.
Kamil, Renita. “Legal Positivism Influence on Law Enforcement and Judicial Practice in Indonesia.” JUSTISI 11, no. 2 (2025): 542–69. https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v11i2.4049.
Kintan Pandu Jati. “Kelola Ruang Udara Kepulauan Riau Dan Natuna: Menteri BKS Minta Airnav Kasih Pelayanan Terbaik.” Rakyat Merdeka, 2022. https://rm.id/baca-berita/ekonomi-bisnis/140326/kelola-ruang-udara-kepulauan-riau-dan-natuna-menteri-bks-minta-airnav-kasih-pelayanan-terbaik.
Kurnia Yunita Rahayu, and Nina Susilo. “Istana Akui Komunikasi Dan Transparansi Kebijakan Masih Harus Diperbaiki.” Kompas, 2025. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/istana-akui-komunikasi-dan-tranparansi-kebijakan-masih-harus-diperbaiki.
Liu, Jiangmei. “Beyond the Legacy of Absolutism: Re-Examining Jean Bodin’s Idea of Anti-Tyranny Violence.” The European Legacy 30, no. 1 (2025): 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2024.2363561.
Lugyn, Zahra Dwi, Muhammad Sulaiman Jazuli, Faradilla Arisya Azwa, and Hafi Dhotul. “Nilai dan Norma Konstitusi.” Maliki Interdisciplinary Journal (MIJ) 2, no. 11 (2024): 928–33.
Moraes, Renato Almeida De, Filipe Zanuzzio Blanco, and Ricardo Dos Reis Silveira. “Liberty as Non-Domination: The Contribution of Philip Pettit and the Debate with His Critics.” Revista Políticas Públicas & Cidades 13, no. 1 (2024): 770. https://doi.org/10.23900/2359-1552v13n1-38-2024.
Muh. Hanif. “Legal Aspects of Identity Politics Under the Auspices of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.” Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 2, no. 7 (2023): 424–35.
Mukmin, Muhammad Andry. “Menafsir Ulang Keadilan: Epistemologi Emansipatif, Rekognisi Kontekstual, dan Kapabilitas Relasional.” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2025): 302–15.
Muttaqien, Muhammad Ersyad, and Deden Ramdan. “Konsep Komunikasi Jurgen Habermas Dalam Ide Demokrasi Deliberatif dan Tindakan Komunikatif.” Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 6, no. 1 (2023): 51–64.
Narissa Armadilla Puteh, Adya Paramita Prabandari, and Lazarus Tri Setyawanta. “Implikasi Perjanjian Penyesuaian FIR Antara Indonesia Dengan Singapura Tahun 2022 Terhadap Wilayah Udara Indonesia.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 6, no. 1 (2024): 35–48.
Ogi Nanda Raka Ade Candra Nugraha. “Geopolitik Laut Cina Selatan: Strategi Diplomasi Indonesia Dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Politik Wilayah ASEAN.” Jurnal Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia 9, no. 4 (2021): 25–42.
Paputungan, Merdiansa, and Zainal Arifin Hoesein. “Pembatasan Kekuasaan Presiden dalam Melakukan Perjanjian Pinjaman Luar Negeri Pasca Amandemen UUD 1945.” Jurnal Konstitusi 17, no. 2 (2020): 388. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1728.
Pebrian, Aldi, and Aullia Vivi Yulianingrum. “Peran Pemerintah dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam berdasarkan Kearifan Lokal.” Jurnal Analisis Hukum 6, no. 2 (2023): 264–76. https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v6i2.5014.
Perusahaan Umum Penyelenggaran Pelayanan Navigasi Penerbangan Indonesia (Perum LPPNPI). Program Utama AirNav Indonesia 2022. AirNav Indonesia, 2022.
Qurrata Ayuni. Konsepsi Hukum Tata Negara Darurat Dalam Perspektif UUD 1945. Universitas Indonesia Publishing, 2024.
Richard Albert. Revolutionary Constitutionalism: Law, Legitimacy, Power. Hart Publishing, 2023.
Rivaldi, Rivaldi, Adinda Olivia Mawahdah, and Ivan Imam Efendi Efendi. “Optimalisasi Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang Melalui Petisi Online.” Jurnal Restorasi Hukum 7, no. 1 (2024): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.14421/gz2pd946.
Robert Hazell and Timothy Foot. Executive Power: The Prerogative, Past, Present and Future. Bloomsbury, 2023.
Rusdin Tahir. Metodologi Penelitian Bidang Hukum: Suatu Pendekatan Teori Dan Praktik. Sonpedia Publishing, 2023.
Sangkay, Ivena J. A. “Penyelenggaraan Kedaulatan Negara Atas Wilayah Udara Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.” Lex Et Societatis 9, no. 1 (2021): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.35796/les.v9i1.32055.
Sembiring, Tamaulina Br, Siti Nur Raihani, Yola Fifilyan Salam, et al. “Peran Teori Perjanjian Negara Terhadap Terbentuk Negara.” Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 3 (2025): 306–10.
Sena, Afen, Ahmad Hariri, Genny Luhung Prasojo, and Prasetyo Iswahyudi. “Diplomacy Review of Delegation of Republic of Indonesia to the International Civil Aviation Organization in Montreal Canada.” SKYHAWK: Jurnal Aviasi Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2021): 52–66. https://doi.org/10.52074/skyhawk.v1i1.10.
Shokhikhah, Zilda Khilmatus. “Hak Konstitusional Generasi Mendatang atas Lingkungan Hidup Layak: Kajian Hukum Tata Negara terhadap Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan.” Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora 4, no. 3 (2025): 175–86.
Siraji, Hafizh. “The Sovereignty of the Air Space and Its Protection in the Perspective of International Law: Some Aliens Intervention in Southeast Asian Countries.” International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 1, no. 2 (2022): 159–84. https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v1i2.58397.
Supriyadi, A.A., Rag. Gultom, Mdm. Manessa, and A. Setyanto. “Strategy for the Alignment of Singapore Flight Information Region Over Indonesian Airspace.” The Open Transportation Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 204–13. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874447802014010204.
Vietnam Air Traffic Management Corporation. “VATM’s Flashback for 30 Years of Handling HCM FIR.” Vietnam Air Traffic Management Corporation, 2024. https://vatm.vn/vatms-flashback-for-30-years-of-handling-hcm-fir.html?
Wahyudi, Andri, Chomariyah Chomariyah, and Wisnu Aryo Dewanto. “Indonesia’s Airspace Sovereignty and FIR Management with Singapore.” Indonesian Journal of Innovation Studies 26, no. 1 (2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijins.v26i1.1322.
William Raka Manumayasa Rumuat. “Persamaan Perspektif Sebagai Penyebab Penguasaan FIR Singapura Di Ruang Udara Kepulauan Riau.” Journal of International Relations 4, no. 3 (n.d.): 313–23.
Zieliński, Tadeusz. “Strategic Autonomy of the European Union in Security and Defence.” Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review 18, no. 1 (2020): 5–22. https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2020.18.1.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tegar Raffi Putra Jumantoro, Alfin Dwi Novemyanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication, i.e. this journal.
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details, and publisher are identified.
