Authority of Spiritual Leadership at Pesantren Temboro Based on Jamaah Tabligh Ideology
Main Article Content
Abstract
Kiai is a charismatic figure who has an influence on the existence of pesantren. Spiritual leadership is a typology of Kiai based on the values of Islamic spirituality. This study examines the source of authority of the spiritual leadership of the Kiai using the perspective of Weber's authority theory. Using the approach of religious phenomenology, this study observes phenomenologically the spiritual leadership of Kiai at Pesantren al-Fatah (or known as Pesantren Temboro), which became the center of the biggest ideology ofJamaah Tabligh in Southeast Asia. Research data was obtained through in-depth interviews, active participation, documentation, and open questionnaires. This research found the three authorities of spiritual leadership at Pesantren Temboro, namely traditional, charismatic, and rational. First, traditional authority derives from three traditions: (1) pesantren education, (2) Jamaah Tabligh, and (3) the NaqsyabandiyahKhalidiyahcongregation. Second, charismatic authority derives from the spiritual qualities of the Kiai and is reinforced by karomah. Third, rational authority derives from the rational efforts of Kiai in opening formal madrasah as a form of modernization in Islamic educational institutions.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Ali, Jan. A, “Tabligh Jama‘at: A transnational movement of Islamic faith regeneration”, European Journal of Economic and Political Studies (EJEPS-3 (SI), 2010, 110 dalam http://ejeps.fatih.edu.tr/ docs/articles/67.pdf., 127. [Diakses pada 19 Maret 2014].
Arifin, Zainal, “Kepemimpinan Kiai Dalam Ideologisasi Pemikiran Santri Di Pesantren-Pesantren Salafiyah Mlangi Yogyakarta” Inferensi Jurnal Penelitan Sosial Keagamaan IAIN Salatiga, 9 (2), Desember 2015.
Arifin, Ahmad Zainal, Charisma and Rationalisation in a Modernising Pesantren, Saarbrücken: Scholar’s Press, 2015.
Aziz, Abdul, “The Jamaah Tabligh Movement in Indonesia: Peaceful Fundamentalist”, Studia Islamika Indonesia Journal for Islamic Studies UIN Jakarta, 11 (3), 2004.
Budiwiranto, Bambang, “Pesantren and Participatory Development the Case of the Pesantren Maslakul Huda of Kajen, Pati, Central Java,” Journal of Indonesia Islam IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 3 (2), Desember 2009.
Bustaman-Ahmad, Kamaruzzaman, “The History of Jama>ah Tabli>gh in Southeast Asia: The Role of Islamic Sufism in Islamic Revival”, Al-Jami’ah Journal of Islamic Studies UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 46
( 2), 2008/1429.
Dhofier, Zamakhsari, The Pesantren Tradition the Role of the Kiai in the Maintenance of Traditional Islam in Java, United States of America: Program for Southeast Asian Studies, 1999.
Dhofier, Zamakhsari, Tradisi Pesantren Studi Tentang Pandangan Hidup Kiai dan Visinya Mengenai Masa Depan Indonesia, cet. ke-9, Jakarta: LP3ES, 2011
Horikoshi, Hiroko, Kiai dan Perubahan Sosial, (terj.) oleh Umar Basalim dan Andi Muarly Sunrawa, Jakarta: P3M, 1987.
Imtihanah, Anis Hidayatul, “Relasi Gender Keluarga Jama’ah Tabligh (Studi Relasi Suami Istri Pengikut Jamaah Tabligh Temboro), Tesis, Yogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2011.
Kafabihi, Agus Ahmad, dkk, Jejak Sufi Membangun Moral Berbasis Spiritual, cet.ke-4, Kediri: Pustaka Turats, 2014.
Karim, Abdul Gaffar, “The Pesantren-Based Ruling Elite in Sumenep in the Post-New Order in Indonesia”, Journal of Indonesian Islam, IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, 3 (1), June 2009, 103.
Latif, Yudi, Genealogi Inteligensia Pengetahuan & Kekuasaan Inteligensia Muslim Indonesia Abad XX, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2013.
M, Muhammad Arif A, Pesantren Sebagai Pusat Diseminasi Jama’ah Tabligh: Studi Kasus Pondok Pesantren al-Fatah Temboro Magetan Jawa Timur dalam Irwan Abdullah, dkk, Agama, Pendidikan Islam dan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Pesantren, Yogyakarta: Sekolah Pascasarjana UGM, 2008.
Madjid, Nurcholish, Bilik-bilik Pesantren Sebuah Potret Perjalanan, Jakarta: Paramadina, 1997.
Mastuhu, Dinamika Sistem Pendidikan Pesantren Suatu Kajian tentang Unsur dan Nilai Sistem Pendidikan Pesantren, Jakarta: INIS, 1994.
Muhtarom, Reproduksi Ulama di Era Globalisasi Resistensi Tradisional Islam, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2005.
Nasir, M. Ridlwan, Mencari Tipologi Format Pendidikan Ideal Pondok Pesantren di Tengah Arus Perubahan,cet. ke-2, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010.
Pribadi, Yanwar, “Religious Networks in Madura, Pesantren, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Kiai as the Core of Santri Culture”, Al-Jami’ah Journal of Islamic Studies UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 51 (1), 2013/1434, 3-4.
Program Lidwa Pustaka i-software – Kitab 9 Imam
Rohmaniyah, Inayah dan Woodward, Mark, “Wahhabism, Identity and Secular Ritual: Graduation at an Indonesian High School”, al-Jami’ah Journal of Islamic Studies UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 50 (1), 2012/1433, 123.
Romas, Chumaidi Syarif, Kekerasan di Kerajaan Surgawi Gagasan Kekuasaan Kyai, dari Mitos Wali hingga Broker Budaya, Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana, 2003.
Rozaki, Abdur, Menabur Karisma Menuai Kuasa, Kiprah Kiai dan Blater sebagai Rezim Kembar di Madura, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Marwa, 2004.
Steenbrink, Karel A, Pesantren Madrasah Sekolah Pendidikan Islam dalam Kurun Modern, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1986.
Sukamto, Kepemimpinan Kiai dalam Pesantren, Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES, 1999.
Suparta, Mundzier, Perubahan Orientasi Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Terhadap Perilaku Keagamaan Masyarakat, Jakarta: Asta Buana Sejahtera, 2009.
Sutiyono, Benturan Puritan & Sinkretis, Jakarta: Kompas, 2010.
Tasmara, Toto, Spiritual Centered Leadership Kepemimpinan Berbasis Spiritual, Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2006.
Tobroni, “Perilaku Kepemimpinan Spiritual dalam Pengembangan Organisasi Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran: Kasus Lima Pemimpin Pendidikan di Kota Ngalam”, Disertasi, Program Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Tahun 2005, 16.
Tobroni, The Spiritual Leadership Pengefektifan Organisasi Noble Industry Melalui Prinsip-prinsip Spiritual Etis, Malang: UMM Pres, 2010.
Wahid, Abdurrahman, “Pesantren Sebagai Subkultur” dalam M. Dawam Rahardjo (ed.) Pesantren dan Pembaharuan,cet. ke-5, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1995
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Menggerakkan Tradisi Esai-esai Pesantren, cet. ke-3 Yogyakarta, LKiS, 2010.
Weber, Max, On Charisma and Institution Building, edited by S.N. Eisenstadt, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Weber, Max, Economy and Society, New York: Bedminter Press, 1968
Wikipedia, “Tablighi Jamaat” dalam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Tablighi_Jamaat. [Diakses pada 13 April 2015].